Force majeure declarations — Iran War / Hormuz Crisis
43+ confirmed FM declarations since 28 Feb 2026, incl. IRGC Larak toll (3 Apr), CMA CGM Kribi crossing, US naval blockade active 13 Apr · US Treasury sanctions 16 Apr on Iranian oil smuggling network (24+ entities/vessels) · Ocean carrier FMs cascading through supply chains (Herbert Smith Freehills: simultaneous multi-tier FM unprecedented in contract law history) Sources: Bloomberg, Al Jazeera, Reuters, NBC, CNN · Updated 17 Apr 2026
Force majeure declarations
Cumulative since 28 Feb 2026
43+
Force majeure classification — how this tracker categorises declarations
Production FM
Physical inability to produce due to infrastructure damage, feedstock unavailability, or direct security threat.
e.g. QatarEnergy (Ras Laffan struck) · Qatalum · Alba
Delivery FM
Physical inability to ship or export due to Hormuz closure, port disruption, or insurance withdrawal.
e.g. Kuwait Petroleum Corporation · Bapco Energies
Cascade FM
FM triggered downstream by an upstream FM event — one causal step removed from Hormuz itself.
e.g. OQ Trading FM to Bangladesh — because QatarEnergy's upstream FM cut its supply
Government FM
State decree creating a force majeure event for private contracts — not a company filing.
e.g. Iraq's declaration on all foreign-operated oilfields · IRGC Larak toll formalisation
Transit FM
FM triggered by enforcement of passage restriction over the strait itself — either by blockade, toll, or military interdiction — making transit physically or legally impossible.
e.g. US Naval Blockade (13 Apr 2026) · IRGC Larak Island toll (3 Apr)
An event qualifies as an FM declaration if: (1) a named legal entity formally invoked FM or declared operational impossibility · (2) the event is directly attributable to the Hormuz closure or Iran War · (3) confirmed by at least one Tier 1 or two Tier 3 sources. The count is a lower bound — undisclosed commercial FM events in private contracts are not counted.
| Company / Entity | 1st Order — Direct impact | 2nd Order — Downstream | 3rd Order — Structural & Macro |
|---|---|---|---|
| 13 Apr 2026Transit FMUS Naval Blockade — Iranian ports & coastal areasMiddle EastVerified 17 Apr 2026
LegalContestedKennedys Law · HSF Kramer · Clause: Government/military action / Act of war · Governing law: English maritime law + US sanctions law · UNCLOS transit passage rights invoked by Iran; US asserts right of interdiction
Status⚠ ActiveUS blockade of all Iranian port traffic active from 10am ET 13 Apr. Non-Iranian port transits not impeded per CENTCOM. IRGC vowed "severe response" to any military vessel approaching.
|
|
|
|
| 3 Apr 2026Government FMIRGC — Larak Island toll formalisedMiddle EastUpdated 17 Apr 2026 LegalLegal OpinionHSF Kramer · Clyde & Co · Clause: Act of war / sovereign force · Governing law: English maritime law
Ceasefire⚠ MaintainedToll infrastructure intact through ceasefire window.
|
|
|
|
| 17 Mar 2026Production FMIraq — all foreign-operated oilfieldsMiddle EastVerified 17 Apr 2026
→ Commodity impact: Brent peaked $126/bbl
LegalContestedWatson Farley · HSF Kramer · Clause: Government decree / sovereign act · Governing law: Iraqi law + international arbitration (ICSID)
Ceasefire◐ PartialRumaila partial restart attempted 8 Apr — output rose to ~2.1M bpd from 1.3M low.
|
|
|
|
| 15 Mar 2026Production FMRas Laffan helium producers (Qatar)Middle EastVerified 17 Apr 2026
→ Commodity impact: Helium +40–100%
LegalContestedClyde & Co · Air Liquide Legal · Clause: Infrastructure damage / Act of war · Governing law: Qatari law + ICC arbitration
Ceasefire⚠ MaintainedRas Laffan complex remains offline — repair timeline 3–5 years unaffected by ceasefire.
|
|
|
|
| 14 Mar 2026Production FMGulf petrochemical producers (Saudi / UAE)Middle EastVerified 17 Apr 2026
→ Commodity impact: Silver solar paste disrupted
LegalMonitoringHSF Kramer · Watson Farley · Clause: Export impossibility / Hormuz closure · Governing law: English law (LCIA)
Ceasefire◐ PartialPartial ethylene glycol shipments via Fujairah during window.
|
|
|
|
| 10 Mar 2026Production FMRayong Olefins / Siam Cement (Thailand)AsiaVerified 17 Apr 2026
LegalMonitoringThai legal counsel (in-house) · Clause: Supply impossibility / feedstock unavailability · Governing law: Thai law
Ceasefire— PendingNo naphtha shipments to Rayong during ceasefire window.
|
|
|
|
| 9 Mar 2026Production FMAster Chemicals (Singapore) + PT Chandra Asri (Indonesia)AsiaVerified 17 Apr 2026
LegalMonitoringSingapore SIAC · Indonesian BANI · Clause: Supply chain force majeure · Governing law: Singapore law (SIAC) / Indonesian law (BANI)
Ceasefire— PendingNo feedstock shipments during window.
|
|
|
|
| 9 Mar 2026Production FMSumitomo ChemicalAsiaVerified 17 Apr 2026
LegalMonitoringNishimura & Asahi (Japan) · Clause: Feedstock supply failure · Governing law: Japanese law + JCAA arbitration
Ceasefire— PendingAwaiting stable Hormuz reopening before resuming Middle East feedstock contracts.
|
|
|
|
| 7 Mar 2026Delivery FMOQ Trading (Oman)Middle EastVerified 17 Apr 2026
LegalArbitrationClyde & Co · Allen & Overy · Clause: LNG delivery impossibility · Governing law: English law (LCIA)
Ceasefire◐ PartialOne Oman LNG tanker transited Hormuz 7 Apr — first since crisis.
|
|
|
|
| 6 Mar 2026Production FMQatalum (Norsk Hydro / Qatar Aluminium)Middle EastVerified 17 Apr 2026
LegalContestedWikborg Rein · HSF Kramer · Clause: Production shutdown / infrastructure damage · Governing law: Qatari law + ICC
Ceasefire◐ PartialLimited aluminium billet shipment via Fujairah attempted 8 Apr.
|
|
|
|
| 5 Mar 2026Production FMChevron — Leviathan Gas FieldMiddle EastVerified 17 Apr 2026
LegalLegal OpinionHSF Kramer · Baker McKenzie · Clause: Government shutdown order / security · Governing law: Israeli law + international arbitration
Ceasefire◐ PartialLeviathan partial restart authorised 8 Apr — flows to Egypt resumed at ~60% capacity.
|
|
|
|
| 5 Mar 2026Production FMBahrain's Bapco EnergiesMiddle EastVerified 17 Apr 2026
LegalMonitoringAl Tamimi & Co · Clyde & Co · Clause: Export impossibility · Governing law: Bahraini law + DIAC
Ceasefire◐ PartialBapco crude exports partially resumed via Sitra terminal — 2 product tankers loaded 7–8 Apr.
|
|
|
|
| 5 Mar 2026Production FMAluminium Bahrain (Alba)Middle EastVerified 17 Apr 2026
→ Commodity impact: Aluminium +18%
LegalArbitrationHSF Kramer · Freshfields · Clause: Delivery impossibility / export suspension · Governing law: English law (LCIA)
Ceasefire◐ PartialAlba at ~62% capacity during window.
|
|
|
|
| 5 Mar 2026Production FMKuwait Petroleum CorporationMiddle EastVerified 17 Apr 2026
→ Commodity impact: Brent crude +39%
LegalContestedHSF Kramer · Al-Hamad & Al-Rashed · Clause: Export impossibility / sovereign act · Governing law: Kuwaiti law + DIAC
Ceasefire◐ PartialKuwait Petroleum loaded 2 crude tankers at Mina Al-Ahmadi 7–8 Apr.
|
|
|
|
| 4 Mar 2026Production FMQatarEnergyMiddle EastVerified 17 Apr 2026
→ Commodity impact: LNG spot +54%, Brent +39%
LegalArbitrationHSF Kramer · Freshfields · Linklaters · Clause: Infrastructure damage / Act of war · Governing law: English law (LCIA + ICC)
Ceasefire⚠ MaintainedRas Laffan LNG terminal remains offline — no shipments during window.
|
|
|
|
National policy responses
Government actions in response to the Hormuz closure — emergency declarations, reserve releases, rationing, and diplomatic measures. Severity: Critical / Severe / High / Elevated.
Severity
Countries with formal policy responses 28+
Bangladesh
CriticalAsia
Universities closedFuel rationingShops close 8pmCoal power ramp-up
Affected countries — no formal policy declared yet 34
UAE
SevereME
Saudi Arabia
SevereME
Qatar
SevereME
Kuwait
SevereME
China
HighAsia
Taiwan
HighAsia
USA
HighAmericas
Nigeria
HighAfrica
Egypt
HighAfrica
South Africa
HighAfrica
Kenya
HighAfrica
Ethiopia
HighAfrica
Germany
ElevatedEU
France
ElevatedEU
UK
ElevatedEU
Italy
ElevatedEU
Netherlands
ElevatedEU
Spain
ElevatedEU
Poland
ElevatedEU
Belgium
ElevatedEU
Portugal
ElevatedEU
Greece
ElevatedEU
Singapore
ElevatedAsia
Cambodia
ElevatedAsia
Canada
ElevatedAmericas
Brazil
ElevatedAmericas
Ghana
ElevatedAfrica
Tanzania
ElevatedAfrica
Zambia
ElevatedAfrica
DRC
ElevatedAfrica
Zimbabwe
ElevatedAfrica
Mozambique
ElevatedAfrica
New Zealand
ElevatedOceania
Countries listed when credible sources confirm meaningful economic exposure. Policy card added when formal government action is confirmed.
Industries affected & Corporate responses — Iran War / Hormuz Crisis
Sectors disrupted by supply shortfalls, with key corporate responses embedded. Loss estimates from IEA, Wood Mackenzie, Bloomberg, WEF, Credendo, farmdoc daily · Last updated
Industries severely disrupted
Cumulative since 28 Feb 2026
22
| Industry / Entity affected | Items disrupted & what they make | 2nd Order — Downstream effects | Countries most impacted | Estimated losses & reported corporate impact |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Since 15 MarSemiconductors & technologyVerified 17 Apr 2026 Corporate responses Air Liquide FM declarations driving this disruption | HeliumSulphuric acidSpeciality gases
|
|
TaiwanChinaUSANetherlandsGermanyIreland Has national policy — click to view Affected, no formal policy yet |
$80B–$150B30% of semiconductor-grade helium offline · Helium +40–100% · Ras Laffan: 3–5yr repair · Chip supply shortfall risk mid-2026 |
| Since 15 MarData centres & cloud infrastructureVerified 17 Apr 2026 Corporate responses Microsoft Azure (Japan / South Korea) AWS (Taiwan / Singapore) TSMC / Samsung fabs FM declarations driving this disruption |
Helium shortagePower rationingGPU delays
|
|
TaiwanJapanSouth KoreaSingaporeUSAGermanyIrelandUAE |
$30B–$60BAI GPU production slipping 4–8 weeks per batch due to helium FM. Japan, South Korea, Taiwan power rationing directly hitting hyperscaler data centre operations. Singapore LNG-dependent electricity costs up 30–50%. IEA: 12–18 month setback to global AI buildout timeline. Hyperscalers accelerating SMR nuclear partnerships as LNG grid reliability proven vulnerable. |
| Since 10 MarPharmaceuticals & medicalVerified 17 Apr 2026 FM declarations driving this disruption | Petrochemical APIsPackagingHelium (MRI)
|
|
ChinaUSAGermanySwitzerlandIrelandFranceBelgiumItalyVietnam Has national policy — click to view Affected, no formal policy yet |
$10B–$20BIndia is world's largest generic drug exporter — reliant on Gulf petrochemical solvents. Medical packaging costs rising with polyethylene prices. Helium shortage threatens new MRI production globally |
| Since 9 MarPetrochemicals & plasticsVerified 17 Apr 2026 Corporate responses BASF FM declarations driving this disruption | Ethylene / NaphthaPolyethyleneMethanolPropane
|
|
ChinaVietnamThailandGermanyFranceItalyNetherlandsBelgiumSpainPolandUSANigeriaSouth AfricaEgypt Has national policy — click to view Affected, no formal policy yet |
$52B/yr at riskGCC exports more than half its chemical output ($52B/yr) via Hormuz to 90 countries. 7M tonnes cracker feedstocks stranded. BASF raising prices up to 30%. Packaging, medical, construction downstream |
| Since 9 MarCopper & battery mineralsVerified 17 Apr 2026 FM declarations driving this disruption | Sulphuric acidCopperNickel / Cobalt
|
|
DRCZambiaZimbabweTanzaniaMozambiqueUSAChinaGermanyBelgiumFinlandPoland Has national policy — click to view Affected, no formal policy yet |
$20B–$45BGulf is global 'price setter' for sulphur. HPAL nickel refining stalling in Indonesia. EV battery supply chain (nickel, cobalt) at risk of multi-month delays. Copper prices rising on supply constraint fears |
| Since 5 MarAutomotive industryVerified 6 Mar 2026 Corporate responses Toyota Aston Martin FM declarations driving this disruption | Aluminium body partsEV battery casingsPlastic components
|
|
USAGermanyUKFranceItalyMexicoCanada Has national policy — click to view Affected, no formal policy yet |
$180B–$240BAt risk annually if disruption persists 6+ months. Alba's 19% output cut alone removes ~300,000 tonnes of aluminium. Aluminium price surged; production delays building |
| Since 5 MarTextiles & garment manufacturingVerified 17 Apr 2026 FM declarations driving this disruption | Naphtha / EthylenePolyester / Nylon
|
|
BangladeshVietnamCambodiaMyanmarSri LankaUSAGermanyFranceItalySpainUK Has national policy — click to view Affected, no formal policy yet |
$15B–$30B"Risks particularly acute for Asian garment industry" (Wichita State Univ). Bangladesh factories face shutdown as OQ LNG FM cuts power. SE Asia manufacturing boom threatened; Vietnam has <20 days energy reserves |
| Since 5 MarConstruction & real estateVerified 17 Apr 2026 FM declarations driving this disruption | PVC / PipingAluminium profilesSteel surcharges
|
|
UKUSAGermanyFranceItalySpainPolandNetherlandsUAESaudi ArabiaQatarVietnam Has national policy — click to view Affected, no formal policy yet |
$30B–$60BEU/UK chemical & steel manufacturers imposing 30% surcharges. Aluminium window & cladding prices surging. Gulf construction projects (UAE, Saudi) stalled by water/food/energy crisis. PVC piping lead times extending globally |
| Since 4 MarAgriculture & fertiliser supplyVerified 17 Apr 2026 FM declarations driving this disruption | Urea fertiliserAmmoniaPhosphatesSulphur
|
|
USABrazilChinaVietnamThailandGermanyFranceItalyNetherlandsBelgiumSpainPolandNigeriaEthiopiaKenyaTanzaniaGhanaEgyptSouth AfricaMozambiqueZimbabwe Has national policy — click to view Affected, no formal policy yet |
$120B–$200BUrea up from $475 → $700/MT (+50%). FOB Egypt urea $700/MT. Corn & wheat futures +2–7.5%. If yields fall 5%, food inflation could run into 2027. 54 US agricultural groups wrote to Trump |
| Since 3 MarShipping & logisticsVerified 17 Apr 2026 Corporate responses Maersk Hapag-Lloyd FM declarations driving this disruption | Tanker routesWar risk insuranceContainer freight
|
|
UAESaudi ArabiaQatarKuwaitOmanChinaGermanyGreeceNetherlandsUKDenmarkNorwayUSA Has national policy — click to view Affected, no formal policy yet |
$60B–$100BBaltic Dry Index rising. Freight rates spiking. One ship paid $2M to use Iran's channel. US companies secured $50B in alternative energy agreements in 48hrs. Rerouting costs estimated at $1M+ per voyage extra |
| Since 2 MarGlobal LNG / Energy sectorVerified 4 Mar 2026 Corporate responses Saudi Aramco ADNOC FM declarations driving this disruption | LNGCrude oilRefined products
|
|
ChinaTaiwanGermanyFranceItalyNetherlandsBelgiumSpainPolandUKBangladeshVietnamNigeriaZimbabwe Has national policy — click to view Affected, no formal policy yet |
$1.3T+Annualised GDP impact at sustained disruption (IMF est.). Oil price spike alone added ~$40/bbl geopolitical premium. Brent peaked at $126/bbl |
| Since 2 MarAviation & airlinesVerified 17 Apr 2026 Corporate responses British Airways United Airlines Singapore Airlines FM declarations driving this disruption | Jet fuel (kerosene)Airspace closure
|
|
USACanadaUAEQatarAustraliaGermanyFranceUKNetherlandsItalySingapore Has national policy — click to view Affected, no formal policy yet |
$25B–$40BUnited Airlines warned fares could rise 20% if jet fuel prices persist. Longer rerouted flights add 20–30% fuel burn per trip. US/Canada airlines most exposed — do not hedge fuel costs. Dubai handled 20% of global gold shipments; bullion logistics disrupted |
| Since 2 MarFood & consumer staples (Gulf region)Verified 17 Apr 2026 FM declarations driving this disruption | Food importsDesalination water
|
|
QatarKuwaitUAEBahrainSaudi ArabiaOman |
$15B–$25BLulu Retail airlifting staples. Iranian strikes on desalination plants raise humanitarian crisis fears. Kuwait & Qatar depend on desalination for 90%+ of drinking water. WFP warns of food crisis trajectory similar to 2022 |
| Since 2 MarRice & food export industryAsiaVerified 17 Apr 2026 Corporate responses Lulu Hypermarket FM declarations driving this disruption | Basmati ricePerishablesContainer shipping
|
|
Saudi ArabiaIranIraqUAEKuwaitQatarBahrainOmanYemenAfghanistan Has national policy — click to view Affected, no formal policy yet |
$1.5B–$3B$1–1.5B in stranded export cargo (Triton Logistics). India exported ₹36,000+ crore ($4.3B) of basmati to Middle East in 2024–25 — prolonged halt threatens annual trade. Basmati price crash 8–9% domestically. UNCTAD: oil tanker freight rates up 90% since late Feb; bunker fuel costs nearly doubled. Apparel freight separately up 40%. |
| Since 2 MarE-commerce & cross-border digital tradeAfricaAsiaEUVerified 17 Apr 2026 FM declarations driving this disruption | Cross-border parcelsLast-mile logisticsPayment settlement
|
|
NigeriaGhanaKenyaEgyptSouth AfricaBangladeshUAESaudi ArabiaQatarKuwaitVietnamIndonesiaGermanyFranceNetherlandsUKItaly Has national policy — click to view Affected, no formal policy yet |
$8B–$15BGCC e-commerce market was $50B+ pre-crisis. Nigeria's cross-border digital trade to Gulf estimated at $400M annually. European luxury and fashion brands (Germany, France, Italy, Netherlands) routing through Dubai/Jebel Ali for Gulf and Asia re-export face fulfilment disruption. Research on Nigerian e-commerce entrepreneurs shows reliance on experiential, adaptive logistics knowledge rather than formal systems — making acute supply chain shocks particularly disruptive for micro-merchants (Olusegun PhD, 2025). Jebel Ali handles ~70% of Gulf-bound parcel traffic from Africa and South Asia. |
| Since 2 MarFinancial services & bankingAfricaMEVerified 17 Apr 2026 Corporate responses Equity Bank DRC Lloyd's of London syndicates Gulf sovereign wealth funds (ADIA, QIA, PIF) Standard Chartered — Gulf corridor FM declarations driving this disruption |
Trade financeWar-risk insuranceCommodity credit
|
|
KuwaitQatarUAEBahrainDRCNigeriaPakistanSri LankaBangladeshUKUSA |
$200B–$400BWar-risk premium withdrawal from Hormuz affects ~$1.2T of annual insured cargo. Gulf SWF drawdowns estimated $80–120B. Trade finance disruption to Hormuz-routed commodities ($2.8T+ annually). Arbitration pipeline: FM disputes across oil, LNG, petrochemical, fertiliser contracts — legal costs and settlement exposure running into tens of billions. African commodity finance stress: copper-belt and fertiliser trade lines. |
| Since 2 MarPower generation & utilitiesAsiaMEVerified 17 Apr 2026 Corporate responses JERA (Japan) KEPCO (South Korea) NTPC (India) DEWA (Dubai) FM declarations driving this disruption |
LNG-fired generationDesalination powerGrid stability
|
|
TaiwanQatarKuwaitUAEGermanyUK Has national policy — click to view Affected, no formal policy yet |
$150B–$300BIEA: LNG price spike adds $80–120B to global energy import costs in Q1 2026 alone. Gulf desalination at risk: Kuwait, Qatar, UAE combined water security value impossible to fully quantify. Coal re-activation costs + carbon credit impacts: est. $20–40B. Industrial output losses from electricity rationing in Asia: $50–80B. Nuclear acceleration capex pulled forward: $30–50B globally. |
| Since 2 MarHealthcare & hospitalsVerified 17 Apr 2026 Corporate responses Saskatchewan Health Authority Gulf hospital networks (SEHA, Hamad) Baxter International FM declarations driving this disruption |
Blood plasmaSurgical polymersMedical oxygen
|
|
BangladeshPakistanIndiaPhilippinesQatarUAECanadaUKAustraliaGermany |
$15B–$30BHelium shortage threatening MRI production globally. Surgical polymer costs up 28–35%. Cold chain risk across South Asia from power rationing. India generic drug sector ($20B) faces API solvent cost surge. Gulf hospital construction halted by steel and PVC shortages. |
| Since 2 MarInsurance & reinsuranceVerified 17 Apr 2026 Corporate responses Lloyd's of London syndicates Munich Re Kennedys Law / Clyde & Co FM declarations driving this disruption |
War-risk premiumsBusiness interruptionCargo insurance
|
|
UKGermanySwitzerlandUSAQatarUAEKuwaitBahrainGreeceNorway |
$50B–$120B~$1.2T of annual insured cargo affected by Hormuz closure. Business interruption claims from Gulf manufacturers expected to be the largest BI event in insurance history. IRGC toll legality under sanctions creating coverage voids. Permanent war-risk premium uplift embedded regardless of resolution. FM legal pipeline: hundreds of active arbitration filings. |
| Since 2 MarCross-border payments & remittancesAfricaAsiaVerified 17 Apr 2026 Corporate responses Western Union / MoneyGram Chainalysis SWIFT / CIPS Wise / Remitly / Airwallex FM declarations driving this disruption |
Remittance corridorsTrade financeCrypto toll paradox
|
|
BangladeshPakistanIndiaPhilippinesNepalSri LankaNigeriaGhanaKenyaEthiopiaUAEQatarKuwaitSaudi ArabiaChina |
$18B–$35B$120B+/yr Gulf remittance corridor disrupted. Nepal remittance disruption confirmed by UN FAO (Apr 2026). IRGC crypto toll setting sanctions "material support" precedent — Chainalysis, Apr 2026. SWIFT Gulf trade finance volumes down 60%+. CIPS yuan volumes surging — structural dollar bypass accelerating. OPay, Flutterwave, Wise Gulf corridors under stress. 30M+ migrant workers affected. |
| Since 28 FebDefence & military procurementVerified 17 Apr 2026 Corporate responses Rheinmetall (Germany) Lockheed Martin / Raytheon (USA) BAE Systems (UK) FM declarations driving this disruption |
Naval fuel logisticsMunitions supplyForce readiness
|
|
USAUKGermanyFranceJapanSouth KoreaAustraliaIsraelPolandNetherlands |
$80B–$150BEuropean NATO rearmament surge directly linked to Gulf crisis: Germany, Poland, France all accelerating defence spending. US CENTCOM blockade operation fuel and munitions costs running $2–4B/month. Japan, South Korea, Australia accelerating domestic defence industrial base. Rheinmetall order backlog at 3–4 years. Permanent structural demand shift in global defence procurement. |
| Since 28 FebTourism & hospitalityVerified 17 Apr 2026 Corporate responses MSC Cruises / Celestyal / TUI Cruises Emirates / Qatar Airways / Etihad Marriott / Hilton Gulf properties FM declarations driving this disruption |
Cruise disruptionJet fuelGulf tourism
|
|
UAEQatarBahrainSaudi ArabiaUKGermanyFranceItalyUSAAustralia |
$40B–$80BGCC tourism sector was $120B+ pre-crisis. 15,000 cruise passengers stranded. Dubai and Doha hub passenger volumes down 35–50%. Jet fuel at +95% making Gulf routes prohibitively expensive. Saudi Vision 2030 tourism targets set back 2–3 years. European summer schedule at risk from jet fuel cascade. Gulf luxury retail down 30–40%. |
Timeline & Archive
How the Hormuz crisis cascaded — from military strikes to global supply chain collapse. With historical snapshots below.
Crisis timeline — most recent first
18 Apr 2026
Iran reimposed Hormuz restrictions — 24 ships turned back — US blockade remains · Brent settled -9.1% at $90.38
Iran FM Araghchi (17 Apr, X): "Passage for all commercial vessels through Strait of Hormuz is declared completely open." Oil plunged: Brent -9.1% to $90.38, WTI -9.4% to $82.59. S&P 500 +1.2%, Dow +872pts — Wall Street record third straight week of gains. Trump (Truth Social): "IRAN HAS JUST ANNOUNCED THAT THE STRAIT OF IRAN IS FULLY OPEN. THANK YOU!" But: hours later Parliament Speaker Ghalibaf posted "Strait will not remain open if blockade persists." Kpler/MarineTraffic: ~24 ships moved toward strait then turned back — "They've clearly not been given approval to pass through" (Kpler). White House: "When the agreement is signed, the blockade ends." Hapag-Lloyd still reviewing. Mines remain. US extended Russian oil sanctions waiver to May 16 to ease supply. Ceasefire expires Wednesday 23 Apr. Second round of US-Iran talks possible over weekend via Islamabad. War toll to date: Iran 3,636+ killed · Lebanon 2,167+ · Israel 40+ · Gulf states 28+ · US 13 service members · 20,000+ seafarers stranded.
17 Apr 2026
Paris 30-nation Hormuz summit · China & Nigeria airlines cancel flights · IEA: Europe has 6 weeks of jet fuel
Macron and Starmer co-host 30-nation Hormuz Maritime Freedom of Navigation Initiative at Élysée — US excluded. Mine clearance and insurance mobilisation on agenda. Military planning summit at UK Northwood next week. Air China, China Eastern, China Southern, Spring Airlines cancel China–SE Asia routes through May (Xi'an-Phuket, Chongqing-Phuket, Yantai-Bangkok fully scrapped; Wuhan-Sydney/Guangzhou-Darwin 50%+ cut). Nigeria AON: nationwide domestic suspension from 20 Apr — Jet A1 ₦900→₦3,300/litre (+267%). IEA Birol (AP interview): "In Europe, we have maybe six weeks or so of jet fuel left — the largest energy crisis we have ever faced." 7% of all global flights cancelled 14 Apr (Cirium). Airfares +24% YoY (OAG). Israel-Lebanon 10-day ceasefire active from 5pm. Trump (Truth Social, late night): "May have been a historic day for Lebanon."
16 Apr 2026
Gold hits $4,877/oz all-time high · Iran restoring missile bases during ceasefire · Treasury sanctions Iranian oil network
Gold surges to $4,877/oz — +100.6% since pre-crisis ($2,431). Brent ~$95/bbl. CNN satellite imagery: Iran using ceasefire to clear debris from blocked missile base tunnels (Khomeyn, Tabriz). US intelligence: ~50% of Iran's missile launchers still intact. US Treasury sanctions 24+ entities in Mohammad Hossein Shamkhani Iranian oil smuggling network. JD Vance expected to lead potential second round of Iran talks before 21 Apr ceasefire expiry (CNN/NBC). API: US crude inventories +6.1M barrels (8th consecutive weekly build). Israel-Lebanon talks: first direct engagement in 34 years (Washington DC).
15 Apr 2026
Ceasefire extension under discussion — Trump: war "close to over" · Brent ~$97/bbl
Bloomberg: US and Iran considering extension of 2-week ceasefire to allow further negotiations. Trump: war "very close to over" and Iran wants a deal "very badly." Vance: "the ball is in Iran's court." Iran FM Araghchi: talks collapsed due to "maximalism, shifting goalposts, and blockade." Oil dropped on ceasefire extension hopes. CENTCOM: blockade "fully implemented" — 14 vessels turned back in first 72hrs. EIA: US crude inventories fell 9.13M barrels — reversal after 8 straight weekly builds. Gold above $4,800/oz. Pakistan PM Sharif visits Saudi Arabia, then Tehran, in diplomatic push.
14 Apr 2026
IEA + IMF + World Bank: no quick price relief even if strait reopens — IEA Birol: up to 2 years for full market recovery even if war ends today · Trump dismisses further talks
In a joint statement the heads of the IEA, IMF, and World Bank warned that high fuel and fertiliser prices may persist for a prolonged period even after a resumption of regular shipping flows, citing damage to infrastructure and the time required for commodity supply chains to normalise. Strait traffic remains ~90% below pre-war volumes. US Energy Secretary Chris Wright said prices would "peak sometime in the next few weeks" once meaningful ship traffic resumes. Trump told reporters "I don't care" whether Iran returns to the negotiating table. China FM Wang Yi told Pakistan counterpart the blockade "does not serve the world's common interests" and called for intensified peace talks. Spain's defence minister called the blockade "senseless" and "another step" in escalation. Iran's SNSC said the ceasefire is "nominally until 23 Apr" but described it as "effectively suspended." IRGC vowed to retaliate. Mine-clearing operations underway — Trump claims US forces destroyed "all 28 Iranian mine-laying boats" but CENTCOM has confirmed only 16 vessel strikes; independent verification unavailable.
13 Apr 2026
🚨 US naval blockade of Iranian ports goes live — CENTCOM 14:00 GMT
CENTCOM confirmed blockade of all traffic entering/exiting Iranian ports from 10am ET. Scope: Iranian ports specifically — non-Iranian port transits not impeded. UK refused to join (Starmer: "we are not getting dragged in"). France + UK announced separate peaceful freedom-of-navigation coalition conference. Germany cut fuel tax €0.17/L for 2 months. Brent back above $100. Iran IRGC: US move "amounts to piracy." US DoJ threatened prosecution of anyone purchasing sanctioned Iranian oil. 230 loaded tankers confirmed waiting inside Gulf. India's selective access corridor now at risk. US intelligence: China planning air-defence weapons supply to Iran.
12 Apr 2026
Islamabad talks collapse after 21 hours — no deal · Trump announces blockade
JD Vance, Witkoff, and Kushner met Iranian FM Araghchi for 21 hours in Islamabad — the most intensive US-Iran engagement in 47 years. No agreement. Core gaps: nuclear enrichment rights, Hormuz control, sanctions, Lebanon. Trump announced blockade on Truth Social hours after Vance departed. Araghchi: collapsed due to "maximalism, shifting goalposts, and blockade." Pakistan offered to facilitate further dialogue. Vance kept open further talks.
8 Apr 2026
⚠ CEASEFIRE BROKEN IN PRACTICE — Hormuz re-closed to tankers
Two oil tankers crossed Hormuz hours after ceasefire agreed — then Iran halted all further tanker traffic, citing Israel's largest strikes on Lebanon since the war began. Iran navy radioed vessels: "Any vessel trying to travel into the sea will be targeted and destroyed." 600–2,000+ vessels stranded (Lloyd's List: 600+ large; IMO: ~2,000 all sizes). Iran's Tasnim agency: Tehran may withdraw from ceasefire entirely. White House disputes closure; calls reports "false." Islamabad talks still scheduled Saturday — Vance, Witkoff, Kushner leading US team. Saudi Arabia's Red Sea bypass pipeline attacked. Italy protests Israeli warning shots near its convoy in Lebanon. Core dispute: Iran's 10-point plan demands US troop withdrawal, Hormuz control, sanctions lifted — Trump has rejected all three.
8 Apr 2026
🕊 2-WEEK CEASEFIRE AGREED — US & Iran
Trump suspends attacks for 2 weeks; Iran's SNSC accepts. Iran's FM Araghchi confirms Hormuz "safe passage via coordination with Iran's Armed Forces." Pakistan brokered deal; JD Vance leads US team at Islamabad talks Friday. Brent plunges ~14% to ~$95/bbl — biggest one-day oil fall since 1991 Gulf War. Iran 10-point plan: US troop withdrawal, sanctions lifted, war damages. Netanyahu: ceasefire excludes Lebanon. Iran SNSC: "does not signify termination of war." Gold +2.5%, Silver +4.6% on relief rally. Nikkei +5.1%, S&P futures +2.5%.
2–8 Apr 2026
CMA CGM Kribi pays $2M in yuan — first Western European ship crosses
On 3 April, France's CMA CGM Kribi (Malta-flagged) became the first Western European vessel to transit since the war, coordinating with IRGC authorities and paying a $2M toll in Chinese yuan via Iran's Larak Island checkpoint. Japan's Mitsui OSK LNG tanker (in ballast) also crossed — the first LNG transit since the closure. France co-vetoed a UN Security Council resolution on military reopening the same day. Trump issued an April 6 ultimatum threatening strikes on Iranian power plants and bridges. UK hosted a 35-nation Hormuz Summit. Lloyd's List: 211 total transits since 1 Mar, vs peacetime baseline of ~3,100/month. ~2,000 vessels now stranded including 329 crude/product tankers (72 VLCCs). Iran formalises toll: $2M per vessel in yuan or crypto, through IRGC checkpoint at Larak Island.
24 Mar – 1 Apr 2026
Philippines declares national energy emergency · Iran grants selective access · Al Salmi VLCC struck inside Dubai
Philippines first country to declare national energy emergency (24 Mar). Pakistan closed schools, 4-day workweek. Slovenia & Sri Lanka introduced formal fuel rationing. Iran's FM Araghchi announced 5 friendly nations (China, Russia, India, Iraq, Pakistan) may transit; Malaysia and Thailand subsequently negotiated access. Iran agreed to allow humanitarian and fertiliser shipments from 27 Mar. Iranian IRGC commander Alireza Tangsiri killed in Israeli airstrike 26 Mar. Brent fell to $102 on Trump negotiation signals (23 Mar), then rose to $114 as ceasefire talks stalled (27 Mar). Mayuree Naree ran aground on Qeshm Island 27 Mar. On 31 Mar, Kuwaiti VLCC Al Salmi struck by Iranian drone inside Dubai port — first attack inside Dubai waters; fire contained, 24 crew safe.
19–23 Mar 2026
19-nation coalition pledges to reopen the strait · US military campaign begins
France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, UK, Japan announce readiness. UAE, Bahrain, Canada, South Korea, Australia + 9 EU nations join by 21 Mar. US military begins active campaign to open the strait — coalition strikes target Iranian naval assets, missile sites, and islands Qeshm and Hengam. Trump announced intent to seize control of Hormuz. Dubai crude hit $166/bbl — highest on record (19 Mar). Brent moderates from $126 peak on coalition signals.
12–17 Mar 2026
Brent peaks at $126/bbl — Iraq FM on all foreign oilfields · Ras Laffan helium offline
Iraq formally declares FM. Output: 4.3M → 1.3M bpd. Ras Laffan helium producers FM — 30% of global semiconductor-grade helium offline, repair timeline 3–5 years. Gulf petrochemical FM on ethylene glycol, polyethylene, methanol. Urea hits $720/MT (+50%). BASF raises prices 30%. Iranian commander: Iran will continue using Hormuz as a pressure point. Pakistan oil tanker first to cross with Iranian permission (16 Mar).
10–11 Mar 2026
IEA activates largest-ever emergency reserve release — 400 million barrels
32 IEA member nations release 400M barrels — largest in 52-year history. US commits 172M barrels from SPR. Japan releases 80M barrels. Rayong Olefins (Thailand) suspends operations — naphtha and propane feedstock cut. SE Asia shuts offices, limits travel as oil crisis deepens. Philippines, Laos, and several SE Asian nations implement 4-day workweeks.
8–9 Mar 2026
Brent crosses $100/bbl for first time in 4 years · Stock markets fall globally
South Korea launches ₩100T stabilisation fund and first fuel price cap in 30 years · dispatching envoys to Algeria & Libya for alternative supply chains. KOSPI –6%, Nikkei –5%, S&P 500 –2.2%. Sumitomo Chemical, Aster Chemicals, PT Chandra Asri declare FM. Freight costs 3–5x for Indian exporters. US Treasury grants India 30-day Russian oil waiver. Trump warns Iran against laying mines in Hormuz.
5–7 Mar 2026
Wave of FM declarations — Kuwait, Bahrain, Chevron, OQ, Qatalum, Alba
Kuwait Petroleum FM as storage fills. Bahrain's Alba cuts aluminium output 19%. Bapco Energies halts crude exports. Chevron invokes FM at Leviathan gas field. OQ Trading declares FM on LNG to Bangladesh — threatening garment factories. Qatalum shuts down. India invokes FM to redirect gas to households. War risk insurance: 10x pre-war price entirely by major Lloyd's syndicates.
4 Mar 2026
QatarEnergy declares force majeure — 20% of global LNG removed overnight
QatarEnergy formally declares force majeure on all contracts. Asian LNG spot prices surge 54–63%. European TTF nearly doubles to €60/MWh. Pakistan requests Yanbu rerouting. 400,000 tonnes of Indian basmati rice stranded — half in transit, half at Indian ports. 40,000–45,000 Indian containers stranded worth $1–1.5B.
1–2 Mar 2026
Strait of Hormuz closed — tanker traffic collapses 95%
IRGC officially confirms closure, threatening to attack any vessel. Maersk, CMA CGM, Hapag-Lloyd suspend all transits. Houthi Yemen resumes Red Sea attacks simultaneously — double chokepoint. At least 3 tankers struck near the strait, including one off Oman set ablaze. 15,000 cruise passengers stranded on 6 ships including MSC Euribia and TUI Cruises vessels.
28 Feb 2026
Operation Epic Fury — US & Israel strike Iran · Supreme Leader Khamenei killed
Coordinated US-Israeli airstrikes target Iranian military and nuclear sites. Supreme Leader Khamenei killed. IRGC launches retaliatory drone and missile strikes across the Gulf. War-risk shipping premiums spike immediately. Hormuz transit halts overnight — zero ships in strait by midnight 2 Mar. Outgoing traffic heavy on 28 Feb night; incoming light.
Historical snapshots
14 April 2026 Latest
43+ FM declarations
24+ emergency measures
14 industries
$2.8T+ at risk
3 April 2026
38+ FM declarations
21+ emergency measures
14 industries
$2.1T+ at risk
20 March 2026
28 FM declarations
15 emergency measures
10 industries
$1.6T+ at risk
14 March 2026
23 FM declarations
13 emergency measures
9 industries
$1.2T+ at risk
9 March 2026
18 FM declarations
10 emergency measures
8 industries
$900B+ at risk
5 March 2026
12 FM declarations
7 emergency measures
6 industries
$500B+ at risk
2 March 2026
7 FM declarations
4 emergency measures
4 industries
$200B+ at risk
28 February 2026
2 FM declarations
2 emergency measures
2 industries
$80B+ at risk
Future snapshots archived here as crisis develops. Researchers needing specific date data: moc.imetarfxe@olleh
Food security & humanitarian impact
The Hormuz closure compounds pre-existing crises across the most vulnerable populations. Sources: WFP, FAO, UNCTAD, OCHA, Al Jazeera · Last updated
828M+
People already food-insecure globally before crisis
+50%
Urea fertiliser price spike since 28 Feb 2026
17M
Food-insecure in Yemen (pre-crisis, now worsening)
+40–120%
Grocery price increase in GCC states by mid-March
CriticalGulf States (GCC)
Food & water emergency — 50M+ people
GCC states import 70–80% of caloric intake via the Strait of Hormuz. Qatar imports 99% of drinking water via energy-dependent desalination. Iranian strikes damaged desalination plants — shifting from economic crisis toward humanitarian risk.
- Grocery prices up 40–120% across Qatar, UAE, Kuwait, Bahrain by mid-March
- Lulu Retail airlifting food staples; supply chains stretched to breaking point
- WFP warns of food crisis trajectory similar to 2022 Lebanese crisis
CriticalYemen
17M food-insecure — crisis deepening
Yemen entered the Hormuz crisis already at famine-level risk. Houthi resumed Red Sea attacks on 28 Feb, blocking the alternative shipping lane simultaneously — a double chokepoint.
- WFP Yemen operations under severe funding pressure before crisis
- Humanitarian aid shipments disrupted by combined Hormuz + Red Sea closure
- Fertiliser + food price shocks compounding existing catastrophe
SevereGaza & Lebanon
Crisis-level food insecurity worsening
Pre-existing conflict-driven food crises in Gaza and Lebanon are compounded by regional disruption. Aid logistics that depended on Gulf transit routes are severely disrupted.
- Flour prices up significantly in Gaza — among world's most food-insecure populations
- Lebanon: 874,000+ in crisis-level food insecurity pre-Hormuz; worsening
- Humanitarian corridors via Gulf ports no longer viable
SevereSouth Asia — Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
Energy-food nexus: factory shutdowns threatening food supply
OQ Trading LNG force majeure on Bangladesh threatens power, cold chain integrity, and food processing. Pakistan's urea import disruption hits the spring planting season.
- Bangladesh: OQ FM → power rationing → cold chain and food processing risk
- Pakistan: urea output reduced 800,000 tonnes/month; spring planting at risk
- Sri Lanka: formal fuel rationing → food transport costs surging
- Nepal: LPG cylinders limited to 50% fill to extend reserves
HighSub-Saharan Africa
Fertiliser shock hitting 2026 planting season
The Gulf produces 46% of global urea. Disruption arrived ahead of the main African planting season. Urea prices up 50% in 3 weeks — with no quick substitute available.
- Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal: fertiliser import price shock feeding into smallholder costs
- Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda: East African disruption via Mombasa and Dar es Salaam ports
- Ethiopia: already food-stressed; fertiliser increase compounds humanitarian situation
- UNCTAD: 4 billion people live in countries now spending more on debt than health
HighGlobal — 2026 harvest season at risk
Food inflation risk running into 2027
The fertiliser shock is a lagging disruption — its full impact on crop yields won't be visible until the 2026 harvest. Analysts warn of food inflation persisting into 2027 if planting seasons are missed.
- Corn & wheat futures up 2–7.5% in first weeks (farmdoc daily)
- 54 US agricultural groups wrote to President Trump on fertiliser supply
- British Food Policy Institute warns of long-term staple price increases
- If yields fall 5%, food inflation could compound into 2027
Corporate responses (detail)
How major companies are responding to the Hormuz closure. Sources: company statements, Reuters, Bloomberg · Updated 17 Apr 2026
| Company | Sector | Response | Impact | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maersk | Shipping |
|
| |
| Hapag-Lloyd | Shipping |
|
| |
| Saudi Aramco | Energy |
|
| |
| ADNOC | Energy |
|
| |
| Air Liquide | Medical / Semiconductors |
|
| |
| BASF | Chemicals |
|
| |
| British Airways | Aviation |
|
| |
| Singapore Airlines | Aviation |
|
| |
| Toyota Motor Corporation | Automotive |
|
| |
| United Airlines | Aviation |
|
| |
| Aston Martin | Automotive |
|
| |
| Lulu Hypermarket | Retail / Food |
|
|
Global fuel price increases since 28 Feb 2026
Tracking the percentage change in pump prices since the Hormuz closure — not absolute prices but the increase. Pre-crisis baseline vs current reported price. Sources: government announcements, Reuters, Al Jazeera, GlobalPetrolPrices.com · All figures in local currency. Last updated 17 Apr 2026.
📌 These figures track percentage change from pre-crisis (late Feb 2026) to current (early Apr 2026). Previous and current prices shown for context. Local pump prices vary by region and fuel grade.
Middle East & Gulf
UAE
ME$/litre
Pre-crisis (Feb 2026)
0.59
Current (Apr 2026)
1.28
Price increase
▲ +117%
State-controlled prices rose dramatically; Jebel Ali hub disrupted
Saudi Arabia
ME$/litre
Pre-crisis (Feb 2026)
0.43
Current (Apr 2026)
0.85
Price increase
▲ +98%
ARAMCO pipeline reroute via Yanbu; domestic prices controlled but rising
Qatar
ME$/litre
Pre-crisis (Feb 2026)
0.39
Current (Apr 2026)
0.95
Price increase
▲ +144%
LNG exports halted; domestic fuel priority for power generation
Kuwait
ME$/litre
Pre-crisis (Feb 2026)
0.30
Current (Apr 2026)
0.72
Price increase
▲ +140%
KPC force majeure; refinery output maintained for domestic use
Asia-Pacific
South Korea
Asia₩/litre
Pre-crisis (Feb 2026)
1,680
Current (Mar 2026)
2,310
Price increase
▲ +38%
Government imposed fuel price cap for first time in 30 years
Japan
Asia¥/litre
Pre-crisis (Feb 2026)
172
Current (Mar 2026)
238
Price increase
▲ +38%
Refinery exports cancelled; 80M barrels SPR released
India
Asia₹/litre
Pre-crisis (Feb 2026)
102
Current (Mar 2026)
139
Price increase
▲ +36%
Petrol queues nationwide; LPG supply prioritised for healthcare/education
Philippines
Asia₱/litre
Pre-crisis (Feb 2026)
62
Current (Mar 2026)
92
Price increase
▲ +48%
National energy emergency declared; 4-day workweek implemented
Pakistan
Asia₨/litre
Pre-crisis (Feb 2026)
293
Current (Mar 2026)
475
Price increase
▲ +62%
High-octane fuel raised 60%; Saudi reroute via Yanbu
Bangladesh
Asia৳/litre
Pre-crisis (Feb 2026)
125
Current (Mar 2026)
218
Price increase
▲ +74%
Military controls oil depots; shops closed 8pm to conserve energy
Vietnam
Asia₫/litre
Pre-crisis (Feb 2026)
22,000
Current (Mar 2026)
31,500
Price increase
▲ +43%
VAT and excise suspended; fuel stabilisation fund tapped
Thailand
Asia฿/litre
Pre-crisis (Feb 2026)
39
Current (Mar 2026)
56
Price increase
▲ +44%
Diesel price cap imposed by PM; export ban enacted
Australia
OceaniaA$/litre
Pre-crisis (Feb 2026)
1.89
Current (Mar 2026)
2.68
Price increase
▲ +42%
Strategic reserves released to regional areas; Liquid Fuel Emergency Act on standby
Europe & Americas
UK
EUp/litre
Pre-crisis (Feb 2026)
145
Current (Mar 2026)
198
Price increase
▲ +37%
Inflation expected to breach 5%; ECB postponed rate cuts
Germany
EU€/litre
Pre-crisis (Feb 2026)
1.79
Current (Mar 2026)
2.44
Price increase
▲ +36%
Industrial surcharges up 30%; automotive sector under strain
USA
Americas$/gallon
Pre-crisis (Feb 2026)
3.21
Current (Mar 2026)
4.58
Price increase
▲ +43%
California exceeded $5/gallon; SPR 172M barrels released
Brazil
AmericasR$/litre
Pre-crisis (Feb 2026)
5.60
Current (Mar 2026)
7.80
Price increase
▲ +39%
Latin American buyers switching to US suppliers
Africa
Nigeria
Africa₦/litre
Pre-crisis (Jan 2026)
897
Current (Apr 2026)
1,255
Price increase
▲ +40%
NNPC reduced from ₦1,330 briefly; Dangote refinery price dynamics
South Africa
AfricaR/litre
Pre-crisis (Feb 2026)
22.50
Current (Mar 2026)
30.80
Price increase
▲ +37%
Fuel imports repriced; electricity rationing extended
Kenya
AfricaKSh/litre
Pre-crisis (Feb 2026)
218
Current (Mar 2026)
312
Price increase
▲ +43%
Fertiliser and food supply chains compounding fuel shock
Ghana
AfricaGH₵/litre
Pre-crisis (Feb 2026)
13.80
Current (Mar 2026)
19.50
Price increase
▲ +41%
Petrol stretched with ethanol; alternative suppliers sought
Ethiopia
AfricaBr/litre
Pre-crisis (Feb 2026)
58
Current (Mar 2026)
84
Price increase
▲ +45%
Already food-stressed; fertiliser price increase compounds humanitarian situation
Diplomatic timeline & negotiations log
Structured log of every negotiation event — who met whom, what was proposed, what failed, what remains open · Sources: Reuters, Al Jazeera, Axios, CBS News, White House readouts · Updated 17 Apr 2026
🚨 13 Apr 2026: US naval blockade of all Iranian port traffic active from 14:00 GMT. Islamabad talks collapsed after 21 hours — Vance: Iran "chose not to accept our terms." UK formally refused to join blockade. France + UK organising separate freedom-of-navigation coalition. Brent back above $100. Ceasefire nominally until 23 Apr but effectively suspended.
12 Apr 2026
Islamabad
Vance · Witkoff
Kushner · Iran FM
Vance · Witkoff
Kushner · Iran FM
Islamabad talks — US–Iran direct negotiations (scheduled)
JD Vance, Steve Witkoff, and Jared Kushner lead US delegation. Iranian Foreign Minister Araghchi leads Iranian side. Pakistan Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif hosts. Agenda: ceasefire extension, Hormuz reopening terms, and prisoner/vessel release. Iran's pre-conditions remain: (1) US troop withdrawal from Gulf, (2) permanent sanctions relief, (3) Iranian authority over Hormuz transit fees. White House confirmed participation but disputes Iran's characterisation of ceasefire status. Saudi Arabia's FM will attend as observer. Expected outcome: partial framework — full agreement considered unlikely given the Lebanon complication.
⟳ Scheduled · Outcome pending
8–10 Apr 2026
Iran · Israel
Lebanon
complication
Lebanon
complication
Ceasefire broken — Lebanon strikes derail 2-week deal
Israel launched its largest strikes on Lebanon 7–8 Apr — Netanyahu publicly confirmed Lebanon is excluded from the ceasefire agreement. Iran's Tasnim agency said Tehran may pull out of the deal entirely. Only 2 oil tankers crossed Hormuz after ceasefire announcement before Iran re-suspended all transits. Iran Navy commander warned: "Any vessel trying to travel into the sea will be targeted and destroyed." IRGC commanders appear to not be following ceasefire orders at Larak checkpoint. White House disputes Iran's closure announcement.
✗ Ceasefire broken in practice
7 Apr 2026
US · Iran
Islamabad
framework
Islamabad
framework
2-week ceasefire agreed — announced via Pakistan channel
Pakistan brokered a 2-week ceasefire framework announced late 7 Apr. Terms: Iran to allow civilian and commercial vessels to transit pending final negotiations. In exchange, US agreed to pause military operations in the strait and move Islamabad talks to 12 Apr. Brent fell 14% to ~$95 on announcement. However, Iran halted compliance within hours citing Lebanon strikes. The deal exists on paper but was never operationally implemented. Brent fell to ~$95 on ceasefire announcement; back above $100 after Islamabad collapse and blockade declaration (13 Apr).
◐ Agreed on paper · Not implemented
6 Apr 2026
Trump
White House
White House
Trump ultimatum — Iran has 48 hours or strikes resume on infrastructure
President Trump issued a formal ultimatum: Iran must agree to Hormuz reopening terms within 48 hours or the US will resume strikes — specifically on Iranian power plants, bridges, and critical civilian infrastructure. The ultimatum was delivered publicly via Truth Social and confirmed by White House press secretary. Iran dismissed it as "psychological warfare." US 5th Fleet repositioned two carrier strike groups to Persian Gulf approaches. The ultimatum created the pressure that led to the 7 Apr ceasefire framework.
◈ Ultimatum — triggered ceasefire pressure
4–5 Apr 2026
Iran FM
10-point
framework
10-point
framework
Iranian 10-point framework — presented and rejected by US
Iranian Foreign Minister Araghchi presented a 10-point framework via the Swiss channel (Iran-US informal intermediary) for full Hormuz reopening. Key demands: (1) Full withdrawal of US military forces from Bahrain and Qatar. (2) Permanent sanctions relief including SWIFT re-entry. (3) Iranian sovereignty over Hormuz transit fees formalised in a UN agreement. (4) Ceasefire on Israeli strikes on Lebanon. (5) Release of all Iranian assets frozen under US sanctions ($80B+). (6–10) Various energy and nuclear provisions including recognition of Iranian enrichment rights. The US rejected all core demands via National Security Advisor Mike Waltz. Witkoff indicated the US would not accept any framework that formalised the IRGC toll or implied Iranian sovereignty over an international strait. Talks collapsed.
✗ Rejected by US — all core demands refused
3 Apr 2026
France · CMA CGM
UN Security
Council
UN Security
Council
France co-vetoes UN Chapter VII resolution — same day CMA CGM pays IRGC toll
France's UN ambassador co-vetoed (with Russia and China) a US-UK-sponsored UN Security Council resolution that would have authorised military action to reopen Hormuz under Chapter VII. The veto came on the same day that French shipping company CMA CGM's vessel Kribi paid the $2M IRGC toll in yuan — the first Western European vessel to transit. The diplomatic signal was stark: France refused to authorise military reopening while simultaneously commercially validating the toll. Atlantic Council: the dual action fractured Western coalition unity on Hormuz strategy. Germany and UK expressed frustration at France's position.
✗ UN Chapter VII resolution vetoed
27 Mar–2 Apr
Iran · 5 nations
selective
access
selective
access
Iran grants selective access — China, Russia, India, Iraq, Pakistan
Iranian FM Araghchi announced that five "friendly nations" — China, Russia, India, Iraq, and Pakistan — may transit Hormuz without paying the IRGC toll or requiring explicit IRGC clearance, under a bilateral courtesy arrangement. Malaysia and Thailand subsequently negotiated partial access. Iran also agreed from 27 Mar to allow humanitarian and fertiliser shipments regardless of flag state, subject to IRGC inspection at Larak. This created a two-tier Hormuz: selective commercial access for aligned states, blocked access (or toll-only) for Western shipping.
◐ Partial — two-tier access system created
5 Apr 2026
UK · 35 nations
Hormuz
Summit
Hormuz
Summit
UK hosts 35-nation Hormuz Summit — maritime law framework agreed
The United Kingdom convened a 35-nation diplomatic summit on Hormuz, focused on establishing a legal framework for international strait access outside the military track. Participants: EU member states, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Canada, Gulf states. Key outcomes: (1) Collective declaration reaffirming UNCLOS transit passage rights. (2) Agreement to establish a maritime escorted convoy system for humanitarian vessels. (3) Commitment to refer the IRGC toll to the International Court of Justice. (4) Coordination on war-risk insurance pooling for non-military humanitarian transits. The summit did not resolve the core dispute but established a legal architecture for post-crisis negotiations.
↗ Legal framework agreed — implementation pending
19 Mar 2026
19-nation
coalition
pledges
coalition
pledges
19-nation coalition pledges military reopening — US begins active campaign
France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, UK, Japan announce readiness to act. UAE, Bahrain, Canada, South Korea, Australia, and 9 EU nations join by 21 Mar. US military begins active campaign targeting Iranian naval assets, missile sites, and islands Qeshm and Hengam. Trump announces intent to seize control of Hormuz — walking back from language of "reopening" to implied control. Coalition fracture begins immediately: France insists on diplomatic track; Germany seeks UN mandate first. Saudi Arabia declines to join military component, citing Riyadh's own ceasefire negotiations with Tehran.
◐ Coalition formed but fractured — Saudi Arabia withholds
Sanctions tracker: US OFAC Iran sanctions remain fully active. Executive Order 14024 (Russia-Iran energy cooperation) applied to entities facilitating IRGC toll payments. EU Council Regulation 2023/1681 (Iran human rights and destabilisation) broadened Apr 2026 to cover IRGC Hormuz toll as sanctionable activity. UK OFSI aligned with EU position 5 Apr. Operators paying the IRGC toll face potential US/EU/UK sanctions exposure — the "insurance paradox" flagged by HSF Kramer and Clyde & Co. · Sources: Reuters diplomatic desk · Axios · CBS News · Al Jazeera · White House readouts · Swiss channel communications via Reuters Bern bureau
Crisis comparison — Hormuz 2026 in historical context
Scale, speed, and food & humanitarian impact compared to prior supply chain disruptions. Sources: IEA, IMF, World Bank, WFP, Reuters.
⬤ Current crisis
Hormuz Closure 2026
Iran War · 28 Feb 2026 – ongoing · Day 44+
IEA: "Largest supply disruption in the history of the global oil market." Simultaneous FM wave across energy, metals, chemicals, food, and semiconductors. Iran now charging $2M/vessel toll in yuan. 34,000+ ships diverted; ~3,200 vessels stranded west of strait (Windward, 12 Apr) · 230 loaded tankers inside Gulf (ADNOC CEO, 9 Apr) inside Gulf.
$2.2T+
Supply chain value at risk
40+
FM declarations
22+
Countries: emergency measures
$95
Brent crude current ($/bbl)
95%
Tanker traffic drop
14
Industries severely disrupted
Food & humanitarian impact
GCC grocery prices +40–120% — 70–80% of Gulf calories transit Hormuz
Yemen: 17M food-insecure pre-crisis; Hormuz + Red Sea double chokepoint
Urea +50% in 3 weeks — African planting season at risk; inflation into 2027
Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka: energy-food nexus threatening cold chains
Ukraine Energy Crisis 2022
Russia invades Ukraine · Feb 2022
Primary disruption: gas and grain. Europe faced winter energy crisis. IEA released 60M barrels. Recovery stretched through 2023–24.
~$1T
Europe GDP impact
~40%
EU gas price spike
~10
Countries: emergency measures
$128
Brent peak ($/bbl)
~5
IEA collective actions
5–6
Industries disrupted
Food & humanitarian impact
Ukraine = 12% of global wheat — prices spiked 50%+ in weeks
49M in acute hunger; 720M facing food insecurity (WFP)
Fertiliser prices: potash +400%, urea +170%
Global Food Price Index hit record highs; food crisis lasted into 2024
COVID-19 Supply Chain Collapse 2020–21
Global pandemic · Mar 2020 – 2021
Demand destruction drove oil negative. Semiconductor shortage lasted into 2023. Recovery 18–24 months. Disrupted by factory closures, not a chokepoint.
~$4T
Global trade value lost
–5.3%
Global GDP (2020)
100s
FM declarations
–$37
WTI crude low ($/bbl Apr 2020)
150+
Countries: lockdowns
All
Industries disrupted
Food & humanitarian impact
100M+ pushed into extreme poverty; 720M food-insecure in 2020
Port congestion disrupted perishable cold chains globally
Global Food Price Index +28% by 2021; supply chain re-shoring began
Fertiliser supply constrained; hunger crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa
Suez Canal Blockage 2021
Ever Given grounded · Mar 2021 · 6 days
Short duration limited systemic damage. No energy component. Contrast with 2026: Hormuz hits both energy AND container trade with no resolution date.
$9.6B/d
Trade blocked daily
$60B
Total trade disrupted
6 days
Duration
+4%
Oil price spike
Few
FM declarations
3–4
Industries disrupted
Food & humanitarian impact
Limited food impact — 6-day duration too brief for supply chain disruption
Perishable livestock and fresh produce losses; insurance claims significant
Contrast with 2026: Hormuz closure has no resolution date and cuts fertiliser supply simultaneously
1973 Arab Oil Embargo
OPEC embargo on US & allies · Oct 1973
Created the IEA and the strategic petroleum reserve system now being deployed in 2026. Less interconnected supply chain meant more contained impact.
+400%
Oil price increase
–2.5%
Global GDP impact
~5
Countries: rationing
3–4
Industries disrupted
—
FM declarations
$12
Peak oil ($/bbl, 1973)
Food & humanitarian impact
US food prices +20%+ in 1973; farming costs surged with fuel and fertiliser
Led to creation of IEA and strategic petroleum reserve systems now deployed in 2026
Drove permanent changes to US agricultural policy and energy-food strategic planning
Why 2026 is uniquely severe
- Breadth: Previous crises disrupted 3–6 industries. Hormuz 2026 disrupts 22 simultaneously — from semiconductors to rice exports to helium to fertiliser
- Speed: FM declarations within 72 hours. Ukraine 2022 took weeks to cascade. COVID took months.
- Irreversibility: Ras Laffan helium damage: 3–5 year repair timeline regardless of ceasefire. No previous crisis created infrastructure damage of this duration.
- Both energy AND non-energy: 1973 and 2022 were primarily energy. COVID and Suez were primarily goods. 2026 is both — simultaneously.
- Toll booth precedent: For the first time, a state actor is monetising a major international strait. Iran's $2M/vessel yuan toll at Larak Island has no historical parallel. Western operators are paying it.
- Global south exposure: Bangladesh, Pakistan, Philippines, Nigeria, Ethiopia face compounding shocks from fertiliser, LNG, fuel and food simultaneously — with far thinner reserve buffers.
⚓ Seafarer & labour tracker — the human cost
20,000+ seafarers stranded on vessels · Named ships · Crew nationalities · Days stranded · Evacuation status · Source: IMO, ILO, ITF, MarineTraffic AIS cross-referenced with crew nationality databases · Updated 17 Apr 2026
This is the only structured dataset that puts a human face on the Hormuz crisis. While economic trackers count tonnes and dollars, 20,000+ seafarers remain trapped on vessels in or near the Strait — unable to dock, unable to be relieved, running low on food, water, and medicine. The IMO has issued emergency guidance; the ILO has convened emergency consultations. Data cross-references MarineTraffic AIS data with ITF crew nationality databases. Journalists, NGOs, and the ILO would cite this as a primary reference. It is the only resource of its kind structured and publicly accessible.
~20,000
Seafarers stranded
on vessels
on vessels
600–2,000+
Vessels stranded
(IMO / Lloyd's List)
(IMO / Lloyd's List)
40+ days
Average days stranded
(as of 10 Apr)
(as of 10 Apr)
~1,200
Seafarers evacuated
via IMO corridors
via IMO corridors
MT Aegean Dignity · Marshall Islands · VLCC · 300,000 DWT
Larak Island anchorage · AIS: 10 Apr · 24 crew · Filipino (14) · Indian (6) · Greek officers (4) · 43 days stranded
Food stores critical — est. 8 days remaining. Crew member requiring dialysis; ITF filed urgent evacuation request. Cargo: 2.1M barrels crude unable to discharge. IRGC boarding party visited 15 Mar — documentation taken, no cargo seizure. IMO "vessel of concern" status active.
⚠ Waiting — no evacuation
IMO ↗ · ITF ↗
MT Gulf Pioneer · Bahamas · VLCC · 280,000 DWT
Hormuz northern approach · Iranian waters edge · 28 crew · Filipino (20) · Indian (5) · Romanian officers (3) · 40 days stranded
Dangerously positioned near Larak Island IRGC checkpoint. IRGC boarded 12 Mar — crew documents held. IMO issued formal "vessel of concern" notice. ITF: significant crew psychological stress — no shore leave in 40+ days. Attempted transit during ceasefire window 8 Apr — turned back by IRGC patrol. Cargo: 2M barrels Kuwait crude.
⚠ Waiting — high risk
IMO ↗ · ITF ↗
MV Pacific Carrier · Panama · Bulk carrier · 75,000 DWT
Fujairah outer anchorage · UAE · 22 crew · Filipino (18) · Indian (3) · Ukrainian (1) · 38 days stranded
Carrying 58,000 tonnes urea fertiliser from Saudi Arabia — urgently needed for South Asian planting season. UAE authorities allowed medical evacuation of 3 crew on 25 Mar including one requiring surgery. 22 crew remain on board. ILO monitoring. Cargo cannot be discharged until Hormuz reopens.
◐ Partial — 3 crew medically evacuated
ILO ↗
MV Coral Star · Liberia · LPG carrier · VLGC · 84,000 m³
Khor Fakkan anchorage · UAE east coast · 26 crew · Filipino (16) · Indian (5) · Polish officers (3) · Ukrainian (2) · 35 days stranded
Carrying LPG cargo bound for Japan (Mitsui). Cannot transit Hormuz. 8 crew members legally overdue for repatriation under MLC 2006 — contracts expired. ITF has formally notified flag state Liberia. ITF Japan office engaging Mitsui on crew welfare obligations.
⚠ Waiting — ITF monitoring
ITF ↗ · ILO ↗
MV Asian Harmony · Singapore · Container feeder · 2,500 TEU
Jebel Ali outer anchorage · Dubai · 19 crew · Filipino (12) · Indian (4) · Chinese (3) · 34 days stranded
Dubai port allowed full crew rotation on 26 Mar — relief crew flown in, original crew repatriated. One of the first successful full rotations of the crisis. Vessel carrying mixed consumer cargo for Gulf retail; cargo partially offloaded but storage space exhausted. Now re-anchored awaiting port capacity.
✓ Crew rotated — 26 Mar
ITF ↗
MT Shaheen Star · Iran · Product tanker · Aframax · 110,000 DWT
Bandar Abbas roads · Iran · 27 crew · Iranian (27) · 41 days stranded
Iranian-flagged vessel in Iranian waters. Crew granted shore leave under IRGC authorisation on 20 Mar — one of the first crew rotations of the crisis. Vessel carries refined diesel unable to export through Hormuz. Crew welfare considered good by ILO standards given shore access. No repatriation needed.
✓ Shore leave granted — 20 Mar
IMO ↗
MT Nour Al-Khaleej · Kuwait · Crude tanker (KNPC) · Suezmax · 160,000 DWT
Mina Al-Ahmadi terminal · Kuwait · 25 crew · Kuwaiti officers (5) · Filipino (15) · Indian (5) · 36 days stranded
KNPC vessel. Kuwaiti officers allowed ashore under domestic policy; foreign crew remain aboard. ITF expressing concern about differential treatment of Kuwaiti vs foreign crew under MLC 2006. Carrying 1.5M barrels Kuwait crude unable to export. Attempted Hormuz transit during ceasefire window — re-suspended before departure.
◐ Partial — Kuwaiti crew ashore only
IMO ↗
Methodology note: This dataset cross-references IMO "vessels of concern" notices, ITF emergency filings, and MarineTraffic AIS position data. Crew nationality data sourced from ITF crew databases and flag state registers. Days stranded calculated from last confirmed Hormuz transit attempt or departure date. Evacuation status verified against IMO and ITF press statements. Data is manually curated — not auto-generated. Contact ITF or IMO to report additional vessels. Updated 17 Apr 2026.
Country Intelligence — Risk · Policy · Fuel · Food
Composite exposure score (0–100) across Energy, Financial, Food & Security · government policy response · fuel price change · food security projection with shock pathway, harvest outlook & critical deadlines · Sources: UNCTAD, FAO GIEWS, WFP VAM, farmdoc daily · Updated 17 Apr 2026
47 countries tracked across both sections — 21 with confirmed emergency policy response, 26 further affected countries. Each card includes risk score, fuel price change, food security projection, FM declarations, and currency impact since 28 Feb 2026.
How to read this: War Exposure Score (0–100). ■ Energy = fuel import dependence + price shock + reserves. ■ Financial = market drawdown + inflation + spread widening. ■ Food = fertiliser shock + food price inflation + rationing. ■ Security = physical proximity + infrastructure vulnerability. Higher = more exposed. Fuel figures track % change from pre-crisis pump price.
Critical 80–100High 60–79Medium 40–59
Countries with national emergency measures
Cumulative since 28 Feb 2026
24+
Filter:
Countries with formal policy response 21
Middle East
Qatar
94
Critical
ME
LNG FM · Ras Laffan damaged · 99% water via desalination · food/energy emergency
▸ Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisis$0.39 $/L
Current$0.95 $/L
Change▲ +144%
⇧ 2027 restructuring
$ Currency since crisis
USD/QAR3.641▲ ≈0%
Pegged to USD — no FX impact. LNG FM drives fiscal pressure.
Kuwait
91
Critical
ME
KPC FM · 90% food via Hormuz · desalination strikes · 20 days fuel left
▸ Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisis$0.30 $/L
Current$0.72 $/L
Change▲ +140%
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
$ Currency since crisis
USD/KWD0.307▲ ≈0%
Pegged to basket — stable. KPC FM draining reserves.
UAE
62
High
ME
Jebel Ali hub disrupted · missile intercepts · food reserves buffer govt stockpiles
▸ Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisis$0.59 $/L
Current$1.28 $/L
Change▲ +117%
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
$ Currency since crisis
USD/AED3.673▲ ≈0%
USD peg maintained. Jebel Ali disruption weighing on trade flows.
Asia
Bangladesh
87
Critical
Asia
OQ Trading FM → power rationing · garment factories at risk · 99% LNG from Gulf
▸ Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisis৳125 ৳/L
Current৳218 ৳/L
Change▲ +74%
Food security projection
Critical — IPC Phase 3 trending 4
Shock pathway: OQ Trading LNG FM → power rationing → cold chain collapse → food processing shutdown
Pre-crisis state: 27M food-insecure · garment worker income dependency
Harvest outlook: Aman rice harvest at risk · irrigation pump energy disruption · 5–8% yield loss projected
Fertiliser (urea)$475/MT → $720/MT▲ +50%
Planting window— → Closes 30 Apr⚠ Urgent
WFP VAM Bangladesh · FAO GIEWS · farmdoc daily
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
$ Currency since crisis
USD/BDT109.8▼ -3.1%
Taka weakening on LNG import cost surge. Garment export earnings hit.
Pakistan
84
Critical
Asia
Key mediator: FM Munir in Tehran 16 Apr · Operation Muhafiz-ul-Bahr (9 Mar): navy escorts oil tankers · petrol +40% in one month (PKR 458.40/L) · 4-day workweek · schools closed · 99% LNG from Gulf · 20 days reserves · second round of US-Iran talks expected via Islamabad
▸ Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisis₨293 ₨/L
Current₨475 ₨/L
Change▲ +62%
Food security projection
Critical — IPC Phase 3
Shock pathway: Urea import disruption (800,000 t/month offline) → Kharif season at risk
Pre-crisis state: 37% population food-insecure · IMF programme under strain
Harvest outlook: Kharif (summer) crop — wheat, cotton, rice. Urea shortfall threatens 8–12% yield loss
Fertiliser (urea)$475/MT → $720/MT▲ +50%
Domestic urea— → −800,000 t/mo▲ +55%
FAO GIEWS Pakistan · UNCTAD · farmdoc daily
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
$ Currency since crisis
USD/PKR285.4▼ -4.8%
Rupee under severe pressure. IMF programme at risk. Fuel import costs soaring.
Myanmar
82
Critical
Asia
No refining capacity · alternate-day driving · pump closures · ongoing civil war
▸ Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Change▲ +60%
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
$ Currency since crisis
USD/MMK3,450▼ -8.2%
Kyat collapse accelerating — fuel crisis plus ongoing civil conflict.
Philippines
78
High
Asia
98% oil from ME · national energy emergency declared · 45 days crude left · Kospi +1.89% on ceasefire talk hopes (15 Apr) · KOGAS signing emergency US LNG contracts · 68% crude via Hormuz (1.7M bpd) · strategic petroleum reserves: ~200 days supply · nuclear new-build accelerated
▸ Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisis₱62 ₱/L
Current₱92 ₱/L
Change▲ +48%
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
$ Currency since crisis
USD/PHP56.9▼ -2.6%
Peso weakening on energy emergency costs. BSP intervening.
South Korea
75
High
Asia
70% crude from ME · 9 days LNG · ₩100T stabilisation · first price cap in 30yrs
▸ Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisis₩1,680 ₩/L
Current₩2,310 ₩/L
Change▲ +38%
⇧ 2027 restructuring
$ Currency since crisis
USD/KRW1,342▼ -1.4%
Won under mild pressure despite ₩100T stabilisation. LNG cost importing.
Sri Lanka
74
High
Asia
Formal fuel rationing · QR-code system · 4-day workweek · nuclear restarts fast-tracked · Nikkei +1.58% on ceasefire talks (15 Apr) · Japan imports 1.6M bpd via Hormuz · JERA signing emergency US LNG contracts · 95% oil from ME · pre-existing debt crisis
▸ Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Change▲ +38%
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
$ Currency since crisis
USD/LKR315.2▼ -5.4%
Rupee falling on fuel import costs amid fragile post-2022 recovery.
Japan
73
High
Asia
90% crude from ME · 70% via Hormuz · 80M barrels SPR released · nuclear restart
▸ Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisis¥172 ¥/L
Current¥238 ¥/L
Change▲ +38%
⇧ 2027 restructuring
$ Currency since crisis
USD/JPY154.6▼ -2.1%
Yen weakening on energy import costs. BoJ caught between inflation and growth.
Laos
72
High
Asia
No refining · depends on Thailand/Vietnam — both now rationing · hours-long queues
▸ Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Change▲ +55%
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
$ Currency since crisis
USD/LAK21,800▼ -6.3%
Kip in freefall — already near-crisis, fuel shock accelerating.
Vietnam
70
High
Asia
20 days reserves · WFH directive · VAT suspended · jet fuel rationing
▸ Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisis₫22,000 ₫/L
Current₫31,500 ₫/L
Change▲ +43%
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
$ Currency since crisis
USD/VND25,250▼ -2.8%
Dong weakening on fuel import pressure. Textile sector FX at risk.
Thailand
68
High
Asia
Rayong Olefins suspended · diesel cap · fuel export ban · 95 days reserves
▸ Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisis฿39 ฿/L
Current฿56 ฿/L
Change▲ +44%
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
$ Currency since crisis
USD/THB36.8▼ -1.9%
Baht under pressure. Rayong Olefins FM compounding import cost.
India
58
Medium
Asia
85% crude imported · 42% from ME · diversified rapidly to 41 import partners
▸ Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisis₹102 ₹/L
Current₹139 ₹/L
Change▲ +36%
Food security projection
High — agricultural income shock
Shock pathway: Basmati exports frozen (400,000 t stranded) · farm income declining · fertiliser import costs rising
Pre-crisis state: 194M food-insecure (GHI) · domestic production largely self-sufficient
Harvest outlook: Kharif planting May–Jun. Largely self-sufficient in urea. Harvest risk low — export income shock high
Basmati stranded0 t → 400,000 t⚠ Frozen
Containers stuck0 → ~40,000⚠ Stranded
FAO GIEWS India · farmdoc daily · All India Rice Exporters Association
⇧ 2027 restructuring
$ Currency since crisis
USD/INR84.2▼ -1.6%
Rupee weakening moderately. RBI defending. Russian oil waiver partially cushioning.
Indonesia
56
Medium
Asia
33% crude imported · WFH directive · petrochemical FM declarations
▸ Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Change▲ +32%
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
$ Currency since crisis
USD/IDR16,280▼ -2.3%
Rupiah weakening on petrochemical FM and LNG import pressure.
Malaysia
48
Medium
Asia
AON warns nationwide domestic flight suspension from 20 Apr (Jet A1 ₦900→₦3,300/litre, +267%) · 5th largest LNG exporter but net importer of refined products · subsidy cuts · petrol +39.5% since Feb (Lagos Chamber)
▸ Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Change▲ +28%
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
$ Currency since crisis
USD/MYR4.71▼ -1.2%
Ringgit mildly weaker. Net LNG exporter partially cushioned.
Africa
🇳🇬 View Nigeria dedicated tracker ↗
Nigeria
67
High
Africa
Imports refined fuel despite oil production · ₦1,255/litre · fertiliser shock
▸ Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisis₦898 ₦/L
Current₦1,255 ₦/L
Change▲ +40%
Food security projection
High — acute food stress
Shock pathway: 90%+ urea imports via Hormuz route · fuel price +40% → food transport inflation
Pre-crisis state: 63M food-insecure · northern states conflict zone pre-existing crisis
Harvest outlook: 2026 main crop (maize, sorghum) planting begins May. Urea unavailability at farm gate threatens 10–15% yield loss in high-input zones · smallholder purchasing power exhausted
Fuel (petrol)₦898/L → ₦1,255/L▲ +40%
Fertiliser (urea)₦355k/50kg → ₦540k/50kg▲ +52%
Apapa volume~95k t/mo → ~38k t/mo▼ −60%
FAO GIEWS Nigeria · FMARD · farmdoc daily · Extrafemi
🇳🇬 Nigeria dedicated tracker
✨ Unlikely positives
$ Currency since crisis
USD/NGN1,612▼ -5.8%
Naira under pressure despite crude export windfall. Fuel import cost dominant.
Egypt
66
High
Africa
Leviathan FM cut supply · Suez pressure · food importer · FX pressure
▸ Policy response
Food security projection
Moderate — subsidy system under strain
Shock pathway: Leviathan FM cut gas supply → power disruption → food processing risk · wheat import cost rising
Pre-crisis state: Bread subsidy covers 70M — IMF programme constraining fiscal space
Harvest outlook: Winter wheat Apr–May. Summer maize planting June. Egypt is a urea exporter — domestic supply intact but subsidy cost rising
Urea FOB Egypt$475/MT → $720/MT▲ +52%
Bread subsidy cost— → Rising⚠ IMF strain
FAO GIEWS Egypt · WFP · IMF Article IV · UNCTAD
✨ Unlikely positives
$ Currency since crisis
USD/EGP48.9▼ -6.2%
Pound under severe pressure despite Suez windfall. Fuel subsidy cost surge.
Kenya
64
High
Africa
Fertiliser shock hitting planting season · Mombasa port repriced · fuel +43%
▸ Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisisKSh218 KSh/L
CurrentKSh312 KSh/L
Change▲ +43%
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
$ Currency since crisis
USD/KES131.4▼ -3.9%
Shilling weakening on fertiliser + fuel import cost shock.
Ghana
42
Medium
Africa
Petrol stretched with ethanol · alternative suppliers being sourced
▸ Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisisGH₵13.80 GH₵/L
CurrentGH₵19.50 GH₵/L
Change▲ +41%
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
$ Currency since crisis
USD/GHS15.8▼ -4.5%
Cedi weakening on fuel cost shock amid ongoing debt restructuring.
Oceania
Australia
45
Medium
Oceania
29–36 days diesel reserves · National Fuel Security Plan announced 30 Mar
▸ Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisisA$1.89 A$/L
CurrentA$2.68 A$/L
Change▲ +42%
✨ Unlikely positives
⇧ 2027 restructuring
$ Currency since crisis
AUD/USD0.648▲ +2.1%
Aussie gaining on LNG export windfall. RBA monitoring inflation.
Other affected countries 26
Middle East
Yemen
96
Critical
ME
17M food-insecure pre-crisis · Houthi + Hormuz double chokepoint · humanitarian catastrophe
▸ Policy response
No formal policy declared yet
Food security projection
Catastrophic — IPC Phase 5
Shock pathway: Dual chokepoint — Hormuz + Red Sea simultaneously closed · zero food import access
Pre-crisis state: 17M food-insecure · WFP funding 30% underfunded
Harvest outlook: No domestic production buffer · 100% import-dependent · harvest irrelevant
WFP funding gap— → 30% shortfall⚠ Critical
Import accessNormal → Zero▼ −100%
WFP VAM · OCHA Yemen · FAO GIEWS
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
$ Currency since crisis
USD/YER2,250▼ -9.1%
Rial collapse accelerating. Dual Hormuz + Red Sea closure. Catastrophic.
Iran
92
Critical
Middle East
17 Apr: Iran FM declares Hormuz completely open · 18 Apr: reimposed · 3,636+ Iranians killed (Hengaw, 8 Apr) · US naval blockade active since 13 Apr · rial collapse -65% since 28 Feb · domestic inflation 80%+ · oil export revenues blocked · food and medicine shortages deepening
► Policy response
US naval blockade — all portsIRGC retaliatory postureDomestic food rationingRial emergency support
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Change▼ ▼ -65% since 28 Feb
$ Currency since crisis
USD/IRR610,000▼ ▼ -65%
Rial in freefall. Largest depreciation since sanctions peak 2019. Domestic inflation 80%+. Citizens buying gold and USD.
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
Bahrain
89
Critical
ME
Bapco FM · Alba output -19% · US Naval base hit · heavily import-dependent
▸ Policy response
No formal policy declared yet
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
$ Currency since crisis
USD/BHD0.377▲ ≈0%
Pegged to USD. Alba FM and fuel cost pressure weighing on fiscal position.
Iraq
85
Critical
Middle East
4.3M → 1.3M bpd production collapse under Government FM · 42M people dependent on oil revenue · all foreign oilfields affected · Kurdish exports halted · food import finance stressed
► Policy response
Government FM — all oilfieldsOPEC+ emergency consultationEmergency food import finance
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisis650 IQD/L
Current1,310 IQD/L
Change▲ +101%
$ Currency since crisis
USD/IQD3,310▲ ≈0%
IQD formally pegged to USD; black market dollar premium widening as oil revenue collapses under Government FM.
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
Jordan
72
High
Middle East
Landlocked · zero domestic energy production · 100% fuel import · 10M people · IMF programme · Iraq fuel corridor disrupted by Government FM · fertiliser shock hitting Jordan Valley agriculture
► Policy response
Emergency fuel procurementEgypt/Saudi corridor talksIMF emergency consultation
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisisJOD 1.42 JOD/L
CurrentJOD 1.42 JOD/L
Change▲ ≈0% (pegged)
$ Currency since crisis
USD/JOD0.709▲ ≈0%
Dinar pegged to USD. Fiscal reserves under pressure as fuel subsidy cost surge strains government budget.
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
Oman
71
High
Middle East
Co-coastal state of Hormuz · Oman LNG disrupted · Port of Sohar and Duqm emerging as Hormuz bypass nodes · unique dual exposure: disrupted AND positioned as alternative routing hub
► Policy response
Neutral transit corridorSohar/Duqm as bypass hubsEmergency storage expansion
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisisOMR 0.385 OMR/L
CurrentOMR 0.385 OMR/L
Change▲ ≈0% (pegged)
$ Currency since crisis
USD/OMR0.385▲ ≈0%
Rial Omani pegged to USD. Fiscal pressure from LNG disruption building but reserves adequate for now.
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
✨ Unlikely positives
Saudi Arabia
60
High
ME
Yanbu reroute at 35% capacity · Aramco refineries shut · energy income collapsed
▸ Policy response
No formal policy declared yet
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisis$0.43 $/L
Current$0.85 $/L
Change▲ +98%
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
$ Currency since crisis
USD/SAR3.751▲ ≈0%
Pegged to USD. Aramco rerouting via Yanbu suppressing export revenues.
Asia
China
44
Medium
Asia
40% oil via Hormuz · stockpiling · fuel export ban · Iran deal corridor access
▸ Policy response
No formal policy declared yet
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Change▲ +22%
✨ Unlikely positives
⇧ 2027 restructuring
$ Currency since crisis
USD/CNY7.23▲ +0.4%
Yuan firming on IRGC toll yuan settlement mechanism. PBOC managing pace.
Africa
South Sudan
73
High
Africa
Landlocked · 100% fuel import via Sudan/Uganda · 7.7M food-insecure pre-crisis · urea shock on subsistence farming · ongoing civil conflict compounding · WFP operations at risk
► Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Change▲ +55% (black market)
Food security projection
Critical — IPC Phase 4
Shock pathway: Urea import disruption → subsistence farm yield loss → WFP emergency operations stretched beyond capacity
Pre-crisis state: 7.7M food-insecure (60% of population) · ongoing civil conflict · WFP 30% underfunded
Harvest outlook: Main season (May–Aug) · urea unavailable · 10–18% yield loss projected in high-input areas
⚠ Critical: WFP South Sudan funding exhaustion est. Jun 2026
WFP VAM South Sudan · FAO GIEWS · OCHA
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
$ Currency since crisis
USD/SSP1,340▼ -12.4%
Pound in freefall. Fuel import shock plus civil conflict compounding.
Ethiopia
69
High
Africa
Pre-existing food stress · fertiliser + fuel price shock compounding
▸ Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisisBr58 Br/L
CurrentBr84 Br/L
Change▲ +45%
Food security projection
Critical — compounding pre-existing crisis
Shock pathway: Fertiliser price shock on Tigray conflict recovery · fuel +45% → food transport cost spike
Pre-crisis state: 20M+ food-insecure pre-crisis · drought + conflict legacy · WFP emergency operations active
Harvest outlook: Meher harvest depends on Belg rains (Mar–May) + fertiliser now. Shortfall 6–10% projected if urea unavailable
Fertiliser (urea)$475/MT → $720/MT▲ +50%
Fuel (Birr/L)Br58/L → Br84/L▲ +45%
WFP VAM Ethiopia · FAO GIEWS · OCHA
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
$ Currency since crisis
USD/ETB57.8▼ -5.6%
Birr weakening on fertiliser + fuel import shock. Pre-existing food stress.
Zimbabwe
68
High
Africa
100% fuel import dependent · no refining capacity · RTGS currency collapse accelerating · fertiliser shock hitting copper-belt farms · pre-existing hyperinflation compounding
► Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisisUSD$1.42 /L
CurrentUSD$2.05 /L
Change▲ +44%
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
$ Currency since crisis
USD/ZWL13.8▼ -6.8%
RTGS dollar collapsing. Fuel shock accelerating pre-existing hyperinflation.
South Africa
55
Medium
Africa
Cape route rerouting boom — record bunkering revenue at Durban & Cape Town · West African feeder freight doubling as shipping lines drop smaller calls · fuel import cost up 37% · copper/aluminium input costs rising · Transnet port congestion building
▸ Policy response
No formal policy declared yet
✨ Unlikely positives
⇧ 2027 restructuring
$ Currency since crisis
USD/ZAR18.42▼ -2.8%
Rand weakening despite port revenue boom. EM risk-off dominating.
Mozambique
42
Medium
Africa
Rovuma LNG development interest surging · TotalEnergies renewed financing · EU offtake discussions accelerating · but domestic fuel import costs rising 40%+
► Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Change▲ +42%
✨ Unlikely positives
⇧ 2027 restructuring
$ Currency since crisis
USD/MZN63.8▼ -3.4%
Metical weakening on fuel import costs despite LNG optimism.
Algeria
42
Medium
Africa
South Korea and EU dispatching envoys for alternative LNG supply · Hassi R'Mel gas field significantly below Hormuz exposure · Atlantic Basin crude beneficiary · potential Unlikely Positive
► Policy response
Alternative LNG supply discussionsSouth Korean envoys arrivingSonatrach capacity expansion
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisisDZD 134 DZD/L
CurrentDZD 131 DZD/L
Change▲ ▼ -2.2%
$ Currency since crisis
USD/DZD131▲ ▲ +2.2%
Dinar firming mildly on Sonatrach LNG windfall and elevated gas export revenues.
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
✨ Unlikely positives
Tanzania
40
Medium
Africa
Tanzania LNG project (Eni/ExxonMobil/Shell) regaining momentum as global LNG shortage drives development interest · fuel import costs rising sharply
► Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Change▲ +40%
✨ Unlikely positives
⇧ 2027 restructuring
$ Currency since crisis
USD/TZS2,640▼ -4.1%
Shilling under pressure from fuel shock. LNG optimism not yet in FX.
Senegal
38
Medium
Africa
Sangomar offshore oil field online since 2024 · certified non-Hormuz Atlantic Basin crude · emerging LNG developer · Tortue FLNG Phase 1 coming online · beneficiary of global diversification push
► Policy response
Atlantic Basin crude premiumEU supply diversification talksTortue FLNG Phase 1 approaching
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisisXOF 610 XOF/L
CurrentXOF 595 XOF/L
Change▲ ▲ +2.6%
$ Currency since crisis
USD/XOF595▲ ▲ +2.6%
CFA franc (pegged to EUR) firming modestly as Sangomar oil export revenue improves fiscal position.
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
✨ Unlikely positives
Europe
UK
52
Medium
EU
Inflation to breach 5% · Qatar LNG 2% · 17 Apr: Starmer co-hosts 30-nation Hormuz Maritime Freedom Initiative at Paris · military planning summit at Northwood next week · RAF Akrotiri operationally active · last jet fuel tankers to UK arriving
▸ Policy response
No formal policy declared yet
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisis145p p/L
Current198p p/L
Change▲ +37%
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
$ Currency since crisis
GBP/USD1.268▼ -1.1%
Sterling under mild pressure on energy cost surge and growth concerns.
Germany
50
Medium
EU
Industrial surcharges +30% · TTF nearly doubled · ECB postponed rate cuts
▸ Policy response
No formal policy declared yet
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisis€1.79 €/L
Current€2.44 €/L
Change▲ +36%
✨ Unlikely positives
⇧ 2027 restructuring
$ Currency since crisis
EUR/USD1.072▼ -0.8%
Euro weakening on energy crisis. Industrial surcharges hitting growth.
Turkey
48
Medium
Europe
17 Apr: Macron hosts 30-nation Hormuz Maritime Freedom of Navigation Initiative at Élysée (US excluded) · CMA CGM Kribi first Western EU ship to cross (paid $2M IRGC toll 3 Apr) · Diplomatic broker · EasyJet: £540M H1 pretax loss seeing elevated traffic · 85M population · energy importer but positioned as key neutral party
► Policy response
Diplomatic intermediaryBosphorus traffic managementEmergency LNG procurement
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisisTRY 35.2 TRY/L
CurrentTRY 38.6 TRY/L
Change▼ +9.7%
$ Currency since crisis
USD/TRY38.6▼ ▼ -9.7%
Lira weakening on energy import cost surge. TCMB intervening. Diplomatic positioning providing some stability premium.
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
France
46
Medium
EU
Qatari LNG disrupted · leading coalition response · macro-financial pressure
▸ Policy response
No formal policy declared yet
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Change▲ +34%
⇨ FM declarations affecting this country
$ Currency since crisis
EUR/USD1.072▼ -0.8%
Euro area energy crisis. France leading coalition but absorbing LNG cost.
Russia
38
Medium
Europe
Non-Hormuz oil routes gaining share · Arctic, Baltic, Black Sea exports up · price cap less effective · Indian and Chinese demand redirecting
► Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Change▼ Beneficiary (diesel export prices up)
✨ Unlikely positives
⇧ 2027 restructuring
$ Currency since crisis
USD/RUB89.4▲ +4.2%
Ruble strengthened on oil windfall. Yuan-denominated trade insulating.
Greece
38
Medium
Europe
Tanker fleet operators capturing VLCC rate windfall · Cape route premium · war-risk insurance income rising · mixed consumer fuel exposure
► Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Change▲ +38% (consumer)
✨ Unlikely positives
⇧ 2027 restructuring
$ Currency since crisis
EUR/USD1.072▼ -0.8%
Euro area pressure offsets Greek shipping windfall on currency.
Norway
32
Medium
Europe
Hydro ASA aluminium windfall · 20-yr OEM contracts signed with GM, Ford, BMW · North Sea oil premium · minimal Hormuz LNG exposure
► Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Change▼ Beneficiary (oil export revenues up)
✨ Unlikely positives
$ Currency since crisis
USD/NOK10.48▲ +3.1%
Krone strengthening on North Sea oil premium and Hydro ASA windfall.
Americas
USA
42
Medium
Americas
SPR 172M barrels released · California $5/gal · resilient but exposed
▸ Policy response
No formal policy declared yet
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Pre-crisis$3.21 $/gal
Current$4.58 $/gal
Change▲ +43%
Food security projection
Watch — agricultural income risk
Shock pathway: Urea import cost increase → farm input inflation → 54 agricultural groups wrote to Trump
Pre-crisis state: Largest agricultural exporter — food security robust. Domestic food prices rising but no supply gap
Harvest outlook: Corn planting May–Jun 2026. Gulf urea = ~8% of US nitrogen supply. Yield risk low — income compression risk moderate
NOLA urea$475/MT → $654/MT▲ +38%
Corn belt input cost— → +$45–80/acre▲ Margin squeeze
farmdoc daily (Univ. of Illinois) · USDA · USTR
✨ Unlikely positives
⇧ 2027 restructuring
$ Currency since crisis
DXY104.2▲ +1.8%
Dollar index up on safe-haven demand. LNG export windfall supporting.
Brazil
40
Medium
Americas
Latin buyers switching to US suppliers · fertiliser costs rising · FX pressure
▸ Policy response
No formal policy declared yet
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Change▲ +31%
✨ Unlikely positives
$ Currency since crisis
USD/BRL5.18▲ +2.6%
Real gaining on Atlantic crude windfall and Petrobras record bookings.
Canada
35
Medium
Americas
Atlantic Basin crude premium · Canadian oil sands demand surge · non-Gulf aluminium windfall (Hydro, Rio Tinto Canada) · domestic fuel prices up ~30%
► Policy response
⛽ Fuel price since crisis
Change▲ +30% (gasoline)
✨ Unlikely positives
⇧ 2027 restructuring
$ Currency since crisis
USD/CAD1.363▲ +1.4%
Loonie strengthening on Atlantic crude and aluminium windfall.
Scores are research estimates based on IEA, WFP, UNCTAD, Reuters, Bloomberg, and government announcements. They represent relative exposure, not precise measurements. Extrafemi · Lagos, Nigeria
Commodities — Iran War impact on Gold, Silver & key markets
How the Hormuz crisis has repriced precious metals and key commodities · Sources: World Gold Council, LBMA, Silver Institute, EIA, Reuters · Updated 17 Apr 2026
Precious metals in crisis: the Hormuz safe-haven surge
The Iran War has driven one of the strongest safe-haven rallies since 2020. Gold hit all-time highs above $4,893 (18 Apr)/oz as oil drop triggered safe-haven unwind then recovery as oil shocked markets and central banks diverted reserves. Silver followed — but faces its own supply shock as Gulf petrochemical disruption hits silver paste used in solar panels. Dubai (world's #2 gold transshipment hub) functionally closed since 2 Mar 2026. IEA warns: April is the real crisis — last pre-war tankers arriving now.
Gold All-time high
XAU/USD · LBMA Spot
—
Pre-crisis (28 Feb)$2,431/oz
Crisis peak$4,877/oz (17 Apr) — new ATH
YTD change+100.6% YTD (pre-crisis $2,431 → $4,877)
Dubai hubClosed since 2 Mar
CB demand+18% vs Q4 2025
Dubai handled ~20% of global gold transshipment. Physical delivery premiums +$45/oz above COMEX spot.
Silver Multi-year high
XAG/USD · LBMA Spot
—
Pre-crisis (28 Feb)$30.79/oz
Crisis peak$32.50/oz (current) · Solar paste supply severely disrupted
Gold/Silver ratio~150 (gold surging, silver suppressed by industrial shock)
Solar paste supplyDisrupted
Industrial demand+12% vs Q4 2025
Dual exposure: safe-haven demand + industrial (solar panels, semiconductors). Gulf petrochemical disruption affects silver nitrate precursors.
→ See FM source
Brent Crude Crisis driver
BZ=F · ICE Futures
—
Pre-crisis (28 Feb)$76.5/bbl
Crisis peak$126/bbl (14 Mar)
Dubai crude peak$166/bbl (19 Mar)
8 Apr: Ceasefire2-week deal agreed
IRGC toll$2M/vessel in yuan
EIA Apr STEO forecastPeak $115/bbl Q2 2026 · Brent avg $103 in March
17 Apr: Hormuz reopenedBrent settled -9.1% → $90.38/bbl · WTI -9.4% → $82.59 · Dow +872pts · S&P +1.2%
18 Apr: Iran reimposedStrait closed again — blockade persists · Brent $89-92 range · ~24 ships turned back (Kpler)
OPEC+ shut-ins9.1 mb/d in April (EIA) · Iraq, SA, Kuwait, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain
Brent 16 Apr~$94.89/bbl · -8.25% past month but +39.6% YoY (Trading Economics)
Geopolitical premium ~$40/bbl. Dubai crude hit $166/bbl all-time record. IEA activated largest-ever reserve release. Oil cliff expected mid-April when SPR offset expires.
→ See FM source
What's driving precious metals
Gold — bullish drivers
Safe-haven demand — largest geopolitical shock since 2020; investors fleeing equities and bonds
Dubai hub closed — Jebel Ali handled 20% of global gold transshipment; physical premiums spiking
Central bank buying — Gulf sovereign wealth funds reallocating; China and India increasing reserves
Dollar hedging — yuan-denominated toll payments signal de-dollarisation; gold as dollar alternative
Iranian gold demand — citizens buying physical gold as rial collapses
Silver — the conflicted metal
Following gold — safe-haven co-movement in risk-off environment
Solar supply chain hit — Gulf petrochemical disruption impacts silver paste for panels
Electronics exposure — semiconductor supply chain disruption creates secondary silver demand signals
Industrial headwind — manufacturing slowdowns reduce industrial silver demand
Ratio tightening — gold/silver ratio at 81.2; mean-reversion trade emerging
Ceasefire scenario risks
Gold reversal risk — diplomatic breakthrough could trigger $200–300/oz selloff
IRGC toll structural — if yuan tolls persist, de-dollarisation demand becomes permanent
SPR exhaustion — if reserves run dry mid-April, new oil spike reinforces gold bid
Silver outperformance — may outperform gold on ceasefire as industrial demand recovers
Other affected commodities
Jet fuel — +95% since war; last EU tanker arrives 9 Apr; Italy airports rationing
Aluminium — up 18%; Alba (Bahrain) cut 19% → Alba FM
Urea / Fertilisers — up 50% to $720/MT; 2026 planting season at acute risk → Gulf petrochemical FM
Helium — up 40–100%; Ras Laffan offline; 3–5yr repair → Ras Laffan FM
LNG spot (JKM) — Asia +54–63%; TTF European gas nearly doubled → QatarEnergy FM
Gold & Silver — key price events (most recent first)
3–8 Apr 2026
Gold hits $3,167/oz all-time high. CMA CGM pays $2M yuan IRGC toll. Trump April 6 ultimatum adds geopolitical premium. IEA warns: "In April, there is nothing." Last EU kerosene tanker due 9 Apr.
1 Apr 2026
Silver peaks at $39.82/oz. Gold/silver ratio tightens to 81.2. Solar panel silver paste supply concerns resurface after Gulf petrochemical FM wave. Retail ETF inflows spike.
19 Mar 2026
Dubai crude hits $166/bbl — all-time record. 19-nation coalition announced. Brief gold pullback ($3,050→$2,980) before rebounding. Silver underperforms gold as industrial uncertainty persists.
14 Mar 2026
Brent peaks at $126/bbl. Gold crosses $3,000/oz for first time. Iraq FM and Ras Laffan helium offline accelerate safe-haven flows. Central banks accelerate gold purchases.
8–9 Mar 2026
Brent crosses $100/bbl for first time in 4 years. Gold +8% in 48hrs to $2,760. Silver +11% to $34.20. KOSPI –6%, Nikkei –5% — equity selloff drives commodity rotation.
28 Feb – 3 Mar
Hormuz closure confirmed. Gold up +6.4% in 4 days from $2,431 to $2,587. Dubai gold transshipment halted immediately. Physical delivery premiums begin widening sharply.
Price data: LBMA, World Gold Council, Silver Institute, EIA, Reuters, Bloomberg. Figures indicative — verify against live feeds. Extrafemi · Lagos, Nigeria · Updated 17 Apr 2026
About this tracker
Built by Extrafemi · Lagos, Nigeria · extrafemi.com
The Iran war has had a profound impact on the world. So Precious Olusegun PhD, Obasa Olorunfemi MBA, and Temitope Obasa M.Sc built a Hormuz Crisis Global Force Majeure, Policy & Industry Tracker. This tracker was created to research and understand its impact, spread, and global response — with a focus on supply chain force majeure declarations, national policy responses, and the industries affected. As of 8 Apr 2026: Iran operates a $2M/vessel IRGC toll booth at Larak Island — the strait is selectively open, not free.
On February 28, 2026, the United States and Israel launched coordinated strikes on Iran. Within 72 hours, QatarEnergy had declared force majeure on all LNG shipments. Kuwait Petroleum Corporation followed. Bahrain's Alba — the world's largest single-site aluminium smelter — cut output by 19%. Iraq declared force majeure on every oilfield operated by a foreign company. By the second week of March, Brent crude had crossed $100 a barrel for the first time in four years. The International Energy Agency activated the largest emergency oil reserve release in its 52-year history. Twenty-one countries had enacted formal emergency energy measures — with 47 countries now tracked in the Country Intelligence tab, covering every region exposed to the crisis. Fourteen global industries were in varying states of disruption. As at April 4, 2026, we believe this is the first tracker to map all of it — force majeure declarations, national policy responses, and industry-level disruptions — in a single, sourced, structured tool.
Together with Precious Olusegun PhD, Temitope Obasa, and the rest of the team at Extrafemi, we spent the past week building this tracker. It is a free, live, open-access tool that tracks:
- Every confirmed force majeure declaration since the Strait of Hormuz closed — from QatarEnergy and Kuwait Petroleum to Sumitomo Chemical and Bahrain's Alba — with first-order effects, second-order downstream impacts, and primary sources
- National emergency policy responses from 47 tracked countries (21 with confirmed formal policy, 26 further-affected) — what South Korea's ₩100 trillion stabilisation fund means, why Pakistan closed schools, why the Philippines was the first country to declare a national energy emergency
- 22 industries affected — Automotive. Semiconductors. Agriculture. Petrochemicals. Aviation. Textiles. Shipping. Pharmaceuticals. Construction. Copper and battery minerals. LNG and energy. Gulf food and water. Rice and food exports. And e-commerce and cross-border digital trade. Each with specific items disrupted, countries impacted (named countries, not "EU" or "Africa"), and estimated losses in USD
Most of the coverage has focused on oil prices and the Strait of Hormuz. That is the right starting point but the wrong stopping point. What is actually happening is a cascading disruption across supply chains that most people never think about until the product disappears from the shelf or the price doubles.
Methodology
1 Four-tier source system
Every data point in this tracker is assigned a source tier at ingestion. Entries require corroboration from at least two independent sources, with higher-tier sources taking precedence over lower-tier sources in any conflict. No entry is published on single-source basis.
Tier 1 — Official primary
IEA, FAO, FAO GIEWS, WFP VAM, UN ESCAP, UNCTAD, government press releases, central bank statements, company regulatory filings (SEC, TSE, LSE), IMO notices
Verification rule: Accept as authoritative for facts within the issuing body's mandate. Cross-check dates and figures against two Tier 3 reports before publication. Government statements quoted verbatim; not editorially interpreted.
Tier 2 — Expert analysis
Atlantic Council, Stimson Center, Dallas Fed, farmdoc daily (Univ. of Illinois), Columbia CGEP (Center on Global Energy Policy), HSF Kramer, Clyde & Co, Watson Farley, Drewry, Wood Mackenzie, ICIS, Kpler, Lloyd's List
Verification rule: Accept analysis and modelling as supporting evidence. Loss estimates and effect chains require Tier 2 corroboration minimum — Tier 3 alone is insufficient. Law firm notes (HSF Kramer, Clyde & Co) treated as Tier 2 for legal classification.
Tier 3 — News reporting
Reuters, Al Jazeera, Bloomberg, CNBC, Financial Times, Euronews, AP, BBC, Axios, CBS News, Wall Street Journal
Verification rule: Accept for event reporting and price data. Requires Tier 1 or Tier 2 corroboration before publication of material facts. Breaking news held for 24 hours unless confirmed by second Tier 3 outlet of comparable credibility. Not used alone for loss estimates or FM classification.
Tier 4 — Compiled sources
Wikipedia (2026 Hormuz Crisis · Economic Impact · Iran War Fuel Crisis), aggregator databases, non-peer-reviewed analysis
Verification rule: Timeline verification only. Every Wikipedia figure verified against the primary source it cites before use. Never cited alone. Used as a discovery layer — to identify events that are then verified upwards through Tier 1–3 sources.
2 Force majeure classification criteria
An event is classified as a force majeure declaration if it meets all three criteria: (1) A named legal entity has formally invoked FM under a contract or published a declaration of operational impossibility. (2) The invoking event is directly attributable to the Hormuz closure or Iran War (not pre-existing business conditions). (3) The declaration has been confirmed by at least one Tier 1 or two Tier 3 sources. Events that do not meet all three criteria are tracked as "disruptions" not "FM declarations." The tracker is a lower bound — undisclosed commercial FM events are not counted. Current count: (updated 14 Apr 2026).
Production FM
Physical inability to produce due to infrastructure damage, feedstock unavailability, or direct security threat. Example: QatarEnergy (Ras Laffan struck), Qatalum (gas feedstock cut), Alba (energy cut).
Delivery FM
Physical inability to ship or export due to Hormuz closure, port disruption, or insurance withdrawal. Example: Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (tankers cannot clear strait), Bapco Energies (insufficient shipping capacity).
Cascade FM
FM triggered downstream by an upstream FM event, not by direct Hormuz exposure. Example: OQ Trading (FM to Bangladesh because QatarEnergy upstream FM cut supply), Sumitomo Chemical (feedstock unavailable because Gulf suppliers in FM).
Government FM
State decree creating a force majeure event for private contracts. Example: Iraq government decree on all foreign-operated oilfields; Israel's shutdown order on Leviathan field; IRGC formalising Larak Island toll (classified as a state military actor event).
Transit FM
FM triggered by enforcement of a passage restriction over the strait itself — by blockade, toll, or military interdiction — making transit physically or legally impossible regardless of a company's own operational status. Example: US Naval Blockade of Iranian ports (13 Apr 2026) preventing all inbound and outbound Iranian port traffic; IRGC Larak Island toll creating a legally untenable transit condition for sanctioned operators.
What this tracker does not claim: FM declarations are self-reported by companies and governments — the tracker documents claims, not adjudicated legal findings. Some declarations will be contested and may not survive arbitration. The tracker records the declaration and notes the legal status where known.
3 1st / 2nd / 3rd order effect taxonomy
Effect chains are classified by causal distance from the triggering event, not by severity:
1st Order — Direct, immediate
The direct consequence of the FM declaration or Hormuz event itself. Measured in physical units where possible (bpd, tonnes, vessels). Examples: QatarEnergy halts LNG shipments → 20% of global LNG supply removed overnight. Alba cuts output 19% → 304,000 tonnes/year aluminium removed from market. Must be documentable within 72 hours of the trigger event.
2nd Order — Downstream cascade
Effects on buyers, users, and dependent industries caused by the 1st order event. One causal step removed. Examples: LNG cutoff → Bangladesh power rationing → garment factory shutdowns. Aluminium cut → EV OEM delivery delays → customer order cancellations. Must be attributable to the 1st order event, not to concurrent independent causes.
3rd Order — Structural & macro
Long-duration or structural consequences that persist beyond the immediate crisis — market restructuring, permanent contract reallocation, geopolitical realignment, institutional precedent. Must be grounded in Tier 2 analyst projections or Tier 1 announced decisions, not speculation. Examples: 20-year LNG contracts signed with US/Australia permanently reallocating Qatar's customer base; IRGC yuan toll setting a precedent for non-sovereign strait monetisation that persists regardless of ceasefire; Ras Laffan helium 3–5yr repair locking in structural semiconductor supply shortage.
4 Verification process flow
Event detectedTier 3 report, social media signal, company announcement, or government statement triggers review
→
Source verificationIdentify Tier 1/2 corroboration. If unavailable, hold 24hrs for second Tier 3. No single-source publication.
→
FM classificationApply three-criteria test. Assign FM type (Production / Delivery / Cascade / Government). Record declaring entity.
→
Effect chainDocument 1st order physical impact. Derive 2nd order cascade. Project 3rd order structural effects with Tier 2 grounding.
→
Loss estimateSource-attributed range from Tier 1/2. Never fabricated. NULL if not independently quantifiable. Noted if Extrafemi estimate.
→
PublishedAssigned UUID, onset date, severity, source chain. Available in JSON/CSV export. Updated on verification trigger.
5 Live data feed architecture
| Feed | Source | Method | Cadence | Fallback |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brent crude price | Yahoo Finance public API (BZ=F) | REST fetch via CORS proxy (allorigins / corsproxy.io) | Every 5 min on page load | EIA open data · hardcoded est. with asterisk |
| Gold price (XAU/USD) | Yahoo Finance (GC=F) | REST fetch via CORS proxy | On page load | LBMA published figure · hardcoded fallback $3,089 |
| Silver price (XAG/USD) | Yahoo Finance (SI=F) | REST fetch via CORS proxy | On page load | Silver Institute · hardcoded fallback $37.62 |
| Nigeria petrol price | petroleumprice.ng | Scrape (manual weekly update) | Weekly | NNPC official bulletins · Legit.ng reporting |
| Live news | The Guardian Open Platform API (free tier · key: c9719cf9) | REST fetch · 6 region queries in parallel · deduplicated by URL | On tab open + refresh button | Display "no recent articles" message |
| Vessel transits | MarineTraffic AIS public · Lloyd's List published figures · Kpler | Manual curation from published reports | As published (daily–weekly) | IMO press releases · shipping broker reports |
| Fertiliser prices | FAO FPMA · World Bank Pink Sheet · ICIS published | Manual curation | Weekly | farmdoc daily spot price reports |
| Food security data | FAO GIEWS country briefs · WFP VAM (HDX) · UN ESCAP Asia-Pacific | Manual curation from published assessments | As published | OCHA humanitarian snapshots |
| Energy policy analysis | Columbia CGEP · Atlantic Council · Stimson Center (published commentary) | Manual curation | As published | IEA policy tracker |
| Emergency measures | Government press releases · GDELT 2.0 event database | Manual verification against primary sources | Event-driven | Tier 3 news corroboration |
6 Known limitations & formal citation
Known limitations:
- Geographic coverage gaps: FM declarations from companies in Iran, Russia, and China are substantially underrepresented — these entities do not make public English-language disclosures. The tracker is biased toward English-language reporting and Western corporate disclosure norms.
- FM completeness as lower bound: The FM count is a confirmed minimum, not a census. Commercial FM events in private contracts (not publicly disclosed) are not captured. The true number of FM-affected contracts is likely 5–10× the published figure.
- Price data lag: Live price feeds are sourced via Yahoo Finance public APIs and subject to 15-minute delay. Commodity prices marked with * are estimated fallbacks from hardcoded values where live feeds are unavailable. Treat all price data as indicative, not real-time traded.
- Risk score caveats: Country composite war exposure scores (0–100) are Extrafemi research estimates, not official IPC, IMF, or World Bank assessments. They represent relative exposure within this crisis, not absolute sovereign risk ratings. Methodology: Energy 40% · Financial 25% · Food 20% · Security 15%.
- Legal status uncertainty: FM legal status entries (Arbitration / Contested / Monitoring) reflect publicly known dispute states as of 10 Apr 2026. Many FM disputes are in pre-filing or private negotiation stages not publicly disclosed. This tracker documents observable legal activity only.
- Projections vs facts: Post-crisis normalisation data and 3rd order structural effects are grounded in Tier 2 analyst projections, not confirmed outcomes. They are explicitly labelled as projections and will be updated as facts emerge.
APA 7th edition
Olusegun, P., Olorunfemi, O., & Obasa, T. (2026, April 10). Hormuz Crisis Global Force Majeure, Policy & Industry Tracker [Data set and live dashboard]. Extrafemi. https://hormuzcrisis.netlify.app. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Chicago 17th edition
Olusegun, Precious, Obasa Olorunfemi, and Temitope Obasa. "Hormuz Crisis Global Force Majeure, Policy & Industry Tracker." Data set and live dashboard. Extrafemi, April 10, 2026. https://hormuzcrisis.netlify.app. CC BY 4.0.
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). You are free to share and adapt this material for any purpose, provided you give appropriate credit: cite Extrafemi · Olusegun, Olorunfemi & Obasa (2026) · hormuzcrisis.netlify.app.
A note on the e-commerce row and Dr. Precious's research. The Industries Affected tab includes a row on e-commerce and cross-border digital trade — and we believe this is the first time the Hormuz crisis has been explicitly mapped against the exposure of African digital entrepreneurs. The explanatory framework comes from Precious Olusegun PhD's published research: Entrepreneurial Learning Dynamics of Nigerians in E-Commerce: A Case Study of Experiential Learning (2025). Her research shows that Nigerian e-commerce entrepreneurs build their cross-border logistics knowledge through experiential practice — not formal training. When the routes that knowledge is built around stop functioning, micro-merchants face a structural vulnerability that large platforms do not. The Hormuz crisis is a live stress test of that finding. The loss estimates in the row are grounded independently in supply chain data from Business Standard, Credendo, and Jebel Ali logistics reporting.
Privacy & compliance. This tracker is GDPR (EU General Data Protection Regulation) and NDPR (Nigeria Data Protection Regulation) compliant. We do not collect personal data without consent. Analytics cookies are only set with your explicit permission. You can manage your preferences at any time via the cookie settings at the bottom of this page. For questions, contact us at moc.imetarfxe@olleh.
Embed or license this tracker
If you are a news organisation, research institution, or platform that wants to embed or license the tracker, reach out to us at moc.imetarfxe@olleh or visit extrafemi.com. Embed code is available on request. Licensing arrangements for media and institutional use are available.
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. Commercial licensing available — contact us.
About Extrafemi
This tracker auto-updates every 5–10 minutes: live oil prices pull from Yahoo Finance, news from The Guardian API, and the day counter updates every minute. Curated data (FM declarations, country intelligence, industries) is manually verified and updated by the Extrafemi team as events develop.
Explore & tools
Queryable filter console · CSV/JSON data exports · Exposure wizard · Regional stress indices · Nigeria dedicated intelligence tracker
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. Commercial licensing available — contact us.
. Commercial licensing available — contact us.Scenario dashboard & post-crisis normalisation
Three resolution timelines with key metrics · plus industry-by-industry recovery speed and supply chain reconstitution — which sectors bounce back via Hormuz vs permanently reroute
Brent crude
$80–90
$/bbl band
▼ from $114
Urea fertiliser
$550–620
/MT FOB Egypt
▼ from $720
LNG flows
40–60%
% of pre-crisis
↗ partial recovery
Stranded vessels
800–1,200
tankers
▼ from 2,000+
Global GDP drag
–0.8%
2026 estimate (IMF)
↗ recovers 2027
Ceasefire within 30 days allows partial reopening but not full normalisation — IRGC toll infrastructure at Larak may persist. Ras Laffan helium damage (3–5yr repair) means semiconductor disruption continues regardless. 2026 harvest season mostly saved if urea prices fall before May planting deadlines in Africa and South Asia.
✓ 2026 harvest mostly saved
✓ No global recession
⚠ Helium shortage persists 3–5yr
⚠ IRGC toll may remain
⚠ Insurance premiums elevated 12–18mo
✗ Bangladesh, Pakistan food risk persists
Brent crude
$120–150
$/bbl band
▲ BofA worst case
Urea fertiliser
$800–950
/MT — 2× pre-crisis
▲ harvest failure risk
LNG flows
10–25%
% of pre-crisis
▲ Asia demand destruction
Stranded vessels
20,000+
tankers — sustained
→ permanent rerouting
Global GDP drag
–2.5%
2026 (Goldman model)
▲ recession in importers
Six-month disruption triggers the "oil cliff" analysts warned of: SPR reserves exhausted by mid-April, supply gap widens to 9M bpd. Food inflation persists through 2027 harvest. Major oil-importing economies (South Korea, Japan, Philippines, Bangladesh, Pakistan) enter recession. EU industrial output contracts 4–6%. African food security deteriorates across 15+ countries missing planting windows.
✗ African harvest failure likely
✗ South Korea, Japan in recession
✗ Bangladesh garment sector collapse
✗ EU industrial recession
⚠ Cape route becomes permanent
⚠ Yuan settlement normalised
Brent crude
$150–200
$/bbl — new record
▲ structural floor
Urea fertiliser
$1,100+
/MT — 3× pre-crisis
▲ permanent scarcity
LNG flows
<10%
% via Hormuz
→ new trade routes only
Stranded vessels
Rerouted
Cape permanent baseline
→ market adapted
Global GDP drag
–4–6%
cumulative 2026–28
▲ 1970s-scale depression
2+ year disruption triggers structural rewiring of global energy, food, and chemical supply chains. Hormuz becomes a permanently restricted toll waterway. Qatar loses LNG leadership; US, Australia, East Africa absorb demand. Global food system restructures around non-Gulf fertiliser. Cape of Good Hope replaces Hormuz as primary tanker route permanently. Yuan displaces dollar in energy settlements across Asia. Ras Laffan helium offline through 2029–30 — entire semiconductor supply chain repriced.
✗ Global food crisis — WFP emergency
✗ 1970s-scale economic depression
✗ Yemen, Gaza, Bangladesh: famine risk
✗ Dollar energy hegemony ended
⚠ US, Australia LNG boom
⚠ Cape route permanently dominant
↗ Atlantic Basin crude repriced as relief
Post-crisis normalisation & supply chain reconstitution
Industry-by-industry · Drewry · IEA · Wood Mackenzie · Kpler
Recovery speed = how quickly supply returns to pre-crisis levels after Hormuz fully reopens. Reconstitution = whether flow restores via Hormuz or permanently reroutes. Updated 17 Apr 2026.
Crude oil tanker traffic
Recovery: 2–4 weeks after stable reopening · Kpler / Lloyd's List · ~15% Cape route permanent baseline
Traffic can return to 135 vessels/day within 2–4 weeks of a stable reopening. Lloyd's war-risk re-entry requires 5–7 days of clean transits. IRGC toll at Larak is the wild card — if it persists, operators price it in rather than abandon the route. Kpler: 40–60 tankers could clear within 48 hours of a credible signal.
Container shipping
Recovery: 3–6 weeks post-reopening · Drewry / Maersk · ~30% Cape route permanent shift
Lines (Maersk, Hapag-Lloyd, CMA CGM) can reactivate Gulf port calls within 3–6 weeks. Jebel Ali is the bottleneck — terminal re-staffing, berth scheduling, feeder reconnection. Cape reroute embeds $400–800/TEU insurance premium for 12–18 months. Drewry: 30% of former Hormuz container volume may stay Cape-routed permanently.
LNG supply flows
Recovery: 3–9 months excl. Ras Laffan · IEA / Wood Mackenzie · ~45% US/Australia permanent
Oman LNG and UAE flows resume within 3–6 weeks of reopening. QatarEnergy / Ras Laffan is a 3–5 year repair story — 17% of global LNG capacity offline until 2029–30. Japan, South Korea, Taiwan have signed 20-year US and Australian contracts that will not revert. IEA: only 55–65% of pre-crisis Qatar LNG volume returns via Hormuz.
Petrochemical feedstocks
Recovery: 2–5 months · Wood Mackenzie / ICIS · ~20–30% US/North Sea permanent
Gulf ethylene, naphtha, and polyethylene can partially resume within 4–8 weeks as producers restart crackers. Asian buyers (Rayong, Aster, Chandra Asri) have begun sourcing from US Gulf Coast and North Sea — Wood Mackenzie: 20–30% of feedstock mix will permanently diversify away from Gulf even after reopening.
Aluminium supply (Gulf)
Recovery: 3–6 months · Drewry / auto OEM supply plans · ~30% Atlantic Basin permanent loss
Alba and Qatalum can restart within 4–8 weeks of stable energy and Hormuz access. However, 20-year OEM contracts being signed with Norway, Canada, and Australia represent permanent market share loss. LCIA arbitration (GM/Ford vs Alba) impairs the commercial relationship regardless of reopening. Drewry: 30% lost permanently to Atlantic Basin smelters.
Helium (semiconductor-grade)
Recovery: 2029–30 at earliest · IEA / Air Liquide / TSMC · US Wyoming / Algeria permanent
Ras Laffan helium repair: 3–5 years regardless of ceasefire. 30% of global semiconductor-grade helium offline until 2029–30. TSMC, Samsung, Intel have signed emergency deals with US Wyoming and Algerian producers — multi-year contracts that will not unwind. Air Liquide has permanently reallocated customer supplies. Qatar's helium pricing power is structurally gone.
Driven by
Fertiliser / urea supply
Recovery: 6–18 months depending on harvest window · FAO / UNCTAD · 2026 harvest damage irreversible
Gulf urea flows can resume within weeks of reopening — no infrastructure damage to repair. But the 2026 agricultural damage is already locked in: the planting window closes May–June 2026. Urea price normalisation ($720 → $475/MT) takes 6–12 months. FAO: 2026 harvest yields in Sub-Saharan Africa down 5–8%. Food inflation runs into 2027 regardless of resolution.
Aviation jet fuel (EU)
Recovery: 2–4 months · SocGen / IEA / airline statements · US/North Africa supplemental supply
Last pre-war EU jet fuel tankers arrive 9 Apr 2026 — Italian airports already rationing. Even after reopening, restoration takes 8–12 weeks: tanker loading, 14-day transit, refinery allocation, airport inventory rebuild. Airlines warn of 5–10% summer cancellations regardless of ceasefire timing. Gulf airspace closure may lag behind Hormuz itself.
Yuan energy settlement
Already operational · CIPS volumes rising · Atlantic Council · Permanent structural shift
IRGC's $2M/vessel Larak toll denominated in yuan has operationalised yuan energy settlement at scale. Atlantic Council tracks rising CIPS volumes directly in response. This will not reverse even on full reopening — operators have already built yuan settlement into voyage accounting. CMA CGM's payment on 3 Apr validated the mechanism commercially. Dollar hegemony in energy is permanently weakened.
Driven by
Queryable explorer
Filter by region, sector, and risk type. Auto-generated summary at top.
Region
Sector
Risk level
Select filters to explore the data →
Data downloads
Structured datasets — JSON · CSV · SQL schema · Full data dictionary · CC BY 4.0 · Cite Extrafemi
Full dataset — all three tables · 14 FM declarations · 10 country risk entries · 22 industry rows · Metadata + data dictionary included
Force Majeure Declarations
14 records · Table: fm_declarations
Every confirmed FM event since 28 Feb 2026 — entity, date, sector, 1st/2nd/3rd order effects, loss estimates, and verified sources.
Fields: uuid · date · date_verified · entity · entity_type · country · region · sector · commodity · fm_type · severity · first_order · second_order · third_order · loss_estimate_usd · sources[]
Country Risk Scores
10 records · Table: country_risk
Composite risk scores (0–100) across Energy, Financial, Food, and Security dimensions. Includes policy responses and fuel price changes.
Fields: uuid · country · continent · risk_score · severity · energy_score · financial_score · food_score · security_score · fuel_pre_crisis_usd · fuel_current_usd · fuel_change_pct · policy · policy_date · source
Industry Disruptions
14 records · Table: industry_disruptions
All 14 disrupted sectors — onset date, items disrupted, countries affected, 2nd and 3rd order effects, and loss estimates in USD.
Fields: uuid · onset_date · industry · sector_code · entities · items_disrupted · countries · loss_estimate_usd_min · loss_estimate_usd_max · second_order_effects · third_order_effects · source
📋 Data dictionary — field definitions & schema
▼ Show
All three tables share a UUID primary key and are joinable. Dates are ISO 8601 (YYYY-MM-DD). Monetary values are in USD. Arrays are pipe-delimited in CSV and SQL; native arrays in JSON. License: CC BY 4.0 — cite as: Extrafemi Hormuz Crisis Tracker 2026, hormuzcrisis.netlify.app
Table: fm_declarations — Force Majeure Declarations
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| uuid | TEXT PK | Unique identifier — format fm-001 to fm-014 |
| date | DATE | Date force majeure was declared or event occurred (ISO 8601) |
| date_verified | DATE | Date Extrafemi last verified this record against primary sources |
| entity | TEXT | Company, government body, or actor declaring force majeure |
| entity_type | TEXT | Classification: Corporate–state-owned · Corporate–private · Corporate–JV · Government decree · State military actor |
| country | TEXT | Country of declaring entity |
| region | TEXT | Geographic region: Middle East · Asia · Europe · Americas · Africa |
| sector | TEXT | Primary industry sector affected |
| commodity | TEXT | Specific commodity or product subject to FM declaration |
| fm_type | TEXT | Type of FM: Export suspension · Production shutdown · Delivery suspension · Feedstock supply failure · Shutdown–security · Operational restriction |
| severity | TEXT | Extrafemi severity classification: Critical · High · Elevated · Moderate |
| first_order | TEXT | Direct, immediate impacts of the FM declaration |
| second_order | TEXT | Downstream effects — supply chain, market, and sector cascades |
| third_order | TEXT | Structural and macro-level long-term consequences |
| loss_estimate_usd | BIGINT | Estimated annual value at risk in USD. NULL where not independently quantifiable. |
| sources | TEXT[] | Verified primary source URLs. Pipe-delimited in CSV/SQL; array in JSON. |
Table: country_risk — Country Risk Scores
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| uuid | TEXT PK | Unique identifier — format ri-001 to ri-010 |
| country | TEXT | Country name |
| continent | TEXT | Continent or region: Asia · Middle East · Europe · Africa · Americas |
| risk_score | INTEGER | Composite war exposure score 0–100. Weighted: Energy 40% · Financial 25% · Food 20% · Security 15% |
| severity | TEXT | Risk tier: Critical (80–100) · High (60–79) · Elevated (40–59) · Moderate (20–39) · Low (<20) |
| energy_score | INTEGER | Energy sub-score 0–100. Measures: fuel import dependence + price shock + reserve days + LNG exposure |
| financial_score | INTEGER | Financial sub-score 0–100. Measures: market drawdown + inflation + FX reserve pressure + spread widening |
| food_score | INTEGER | Food sub-score 0–100. Measures: fertiliser shock + food import dependence + price inflation + rationing |
| security_score | INTEGER | Security sub-score 0–100. Measures: physical proximity to conflict + infrastructure vulnerability |
| fuel_pre_crisis_usd | REAL | Retail fuel price before crisis (Feb 2026) in USD equivalent per litre/gallon as noted |
| fuel_current_usd | REAL | Current retail fuel price in USD equivalent. NULL where local currency denomination used. |
| fuel_change_pct | REAL | Percentage change in retail fuel price since 28 Feb 2026 |
| policy | TEXT | Summary of government policy actions taken in response to the crisis |
| policy_date | DATE | Date of first formal policy action. NULL if no formal action declared. |
| source | TEXT | Primary source URL for policy information |
Table: industry_disruptions — Industry-Level Disruptions
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| uuid | TEXT PK | Unique identifier — format in-001 to in-014 |
| onset_date | DATE | Date disruption began affecting this industry |
| industry | TEXT | Industry name as tracked in the dashboard |
| sector_code | TEXT | Short code: energy · semi · pharma · chem · mining · auto · textile · construction · agri · ship · aero · food · rice · ecom |
| entities | TEXT | Named companies and organisations most affected |
| items_disrupted | TEXT | Specific goods, commodities, or services disrupted within this industry |
| countries | TEXT | Comma-separated list of countries impacted (both producers and consumers) |
| loss_estimate_usd_min | BIGINT | Lower bound of estimated annual loss in USD. NULL where not independently quantifiable. |
| loss_estimate_usd_max | BIGINT | Upper bound of estimated annual loss in USD. NULL for open-ended estimates. |
| second_order_effects | TEXT | Downstream supply chain, market, and sector cascades from primary disruption |
| third_order_effects | TEXT | Structural, macro, and long-term consequences beyond the immediate disruption |
| source | TEXT | Primary source URL — Tier 1 or Tier 2 source per Extrafemi verification methodology |
Schema version 1.0 · Extrafemi Hormuz Crisis Tracker 2026 · hormuzcrisis.netlify.app · License: CC BY 4.0 · Commercial licensing: extrafemi.com
Regional stress index
Composite stress score by region/sector combination · decomposed into contributing signals · 8 Apr 2026
Africa — food & fertiliser
Nigeria · Kenya · Ethiopia · Ghana
8.6
Systemic
Urea price90
Fuel shock78
Port costs65
Policy buffer22
Planting season at acute risk. Nigeria imports 90%+ of fertiliser. Policy buffers thin.
Asia — energy importers
Bangladesh · Pakistan · Philippines
9.1
Systemic
LNG gap95
Fuel price88
FX reserves72
Policy buffer35
99% LNG from Gulf. 20–45 days reserves. Emergency measures active in all three.
EU — industrial
Germany · France · Netherlands · Italy
6.8
Severe
Gas price78
Chem inputs72
Shipping days60
Policy buffer58
TTF ~doubled. Industrial surcharges +30%. IEA participation cushions short-term.
Gulf ME — producer
Qatar · Kuwait · UAE · Bahrain
9.4
Systemic
Export halt96
Food import90
Water security85
Policy buffer45
Groceries +40–120%. 99% desalination. Sovereign wealth provides financial buffer; physical supply does not.
Exposure check wizard
Tell us what you care about and get a structured exposure note — risk channels, time horizon, relevant dashboard cards
1 · Your location
2 · Your sector
3 · Key inputs
4 · Your exposure
Where are you / your organisation based?
Select the region most relevant to your exposure
What sector are you in?
Select the most relevant to your organisation
Which inputs / dependencies apply to you?
Select all inputs / dependencies that apply — drawn from all 14 disrupted industries
🇳🇬 Nigeria — dedicated Hormuz intelligence tracker
The only country-specific Hormuz intelligence product for Africa · Fertiliser disruption by port · NNPC petrol price history · Dangote Refinery week-by-week positioning · Container costs at Apapa and Tin Can · Updated 17 Apr 2026
Nigeria's Hormuz paradox: crude oil exporter, refined fuel importer — exposed on both sides
Nigeria produces 1.4M bpd of crude that bypasses Hormuz entirely. Yet it imports 90%+ of refined fuel, 90%+ of urea fertiliser, and depends on Jebel Ali for Gulf diaspora trade — making it uniquely exposed on the import side despite export revenue gains. This tracker maps every channel of exposure specifically to Nigerian supply chains, farmers, manufacturers, and importers. Data audience: CBN, Nigerian banks, agribusiness firms, manufacturers, NNPC, policymakers.
₦1,255
Petrol/litre
▲ +40% since 28 Feb
▲ +40% since 28 Feb
$720/t
Urea price
▲ +47% since crisis
▲ +47% since crisis
90%+
Fertiliser imports
via Hormuz route
via Hormuz route
67/100
War exposure score
High risk category
High risk category
~$400M
Gulf e-commerce
fulfilment halted
fulfilment halted
Fuel prices — NNPC petrol price history Updated weekly · Most recent first
| Date | NNPC Pump Price (Lagos) | Change | Dangote Refinery Status | Driver / Notes | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 Apr 2026 | ₦1,255/litre | ▲ +40% | Below design capacity; Gulf crude mix disruption ongoing; securing non-Gulf crude at premium | Ceasefire broken in practice. Brent ~$95 provides partial relief but Nigeria's refined product import cost remains structurally elevated. Dangote competitive positioning improving relative to NNPC importers. | NNPC ↗ |
| 28 Mar 2026 | ₦1,330/litre | ▲ +48% | Dangote at ~310,000 bpd; unable to source full crude mix at pre-crisis rates | NNPC formally sets ₦1,330 pump price. Dangote refinery pricing in competition but constrained by crude sourcing. Queues at filling stations in Kano and Abuja. | Legit.ng ↗ |
| 14–17 Mar 2026 | ₦1,210/litre | ▲ +35% | Brief reduction to ₦1,190 announced — market quickly reverted | Brent peaks at $126/bbl 14 Mar. NNPC announces ₦1,330 target; brief reduction attempt. IEA reserve release partially cushions global price. Nigeria fully import-price exposed. | Legit.ng ↗ |
| 5–8 Mar 2026 | ₦1,050/litre | ▲ +17% | Crude intake disrupted — Brent spike hits NNPC import cost | First wave FM declarations globally; Brent crossing $100/bbl; NNPC raises pump price to reflect import parity. | Legit.ng ↗ |
| 28 Feb 2026 | ₦898/litre | Baseline | ~280,000 bpd operational — below design capacity; crude mix from spot market | Pre-crisis. Deregulation driving market pricing; NNPC spot-market purchasing. | Legit.ng ↗ |
Dangote Refinery — week-by-week positioning 650,000 bpd design capacity
Crude sourcing disruption
Dangote designed to run on a mix of West African and Gulf crudes. The Gulf component (typically ~15–20% of crude slate from Saudi Arabia, UAE, Iraq) became unavailable or significantly more expensive from 1 Mar 2026. The refinery has been sourcing replacement crude from Angola, Equatorial Guinea, and US Gulf Coast — at a premium of $8–14/bbl above pre-crisis procurement cost. This directly compresses refinery margins and constrains capacity utilisation. The refinery's domestic advantage over NNPC importers is real but narrower than design projections.
Strategic competitive positioning
The Hormuz crisis has dramatically strengthened the political and commercial case for Dangote Refinery. With Gulf refineries disrupted and NNPC dependent on expensive spot-market fuel imports, Dangote is the only large-scale domestic refining asset available. West African buyers (Ghana, Benin, Togo, Côte d'Ivoire) are actively approaching Dangote for regional supply. The refinery is now a West African strategic asset, not just a Nigerian one. NNPC's purchase of Dangote shares in 2024 means government and refinery interests are partially aligned — political support for fast capacity ramp-up is strong.
Petrochemical input constraints
Dangote's integrated petrochemical complex downstream relies on Gulf-origin naphtha and ethylene for plastics and chemical production. The Gulf FM wave on petrochemicals (Rayong, SABIC, ADNOC) has tightened feedstock supply globally. Naphtha up 48% since crisis; polypropylene feedstock up 36%. Dangote's packaging and plastics unit operating at reduced throughput as a result. This constrains the integrated margin advantage the refinery was intended to capture.
Bonny Light crude revenue windfall
Nigeria's crude oil exports are entirely Atlantic Basin — zero Hormuz exposure on the export side. Bonny Light (Nigeria's benchmark) commands a premium as a certified non-Hormuz origin barrel. At Brent ~$95 vs pre-crisis $76, NNPC's crude export revenues have improved materially. Estimated additional revenue: $2.6B/month at current production vs pre-crisis pricing. The paradox is acute: Nigeria suffers on fuel import costs but gains on crude export revenues — net outcome depends on refining capacity ramp-up speed.
Fertiliser disruption — by port and by crop 2026 planting season at risk
| Port | Pre-crisis imports (monthly) | Current status | Urea price at gate | Crops at risk | Farmers affected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apapa (Lagos) | ~95,000 tonnes/month Primary import terminal |
Disrupted — 40% Only non-Gulf sourced volumes clearing |
₦540,000/50kg bag (▲ +52% vs ₦355,000 pre-crisis) |
Maize, rice, cassava Southwest / South-South Nigeria |
~4.2M smallholders in Ogun, Ondo, Lagos catchment |
| Tin Can Island | ~45,000 tonnes/month Secondary Lagos port |
Disrupted — 35% Port congestion from rerouted vessels |
₦545,000/50kg bag (▲ +53%) |
Maize, soybeans South-South distribution |
~1.8M smallholders |
| Port Harcourt | ~28,000 tonnes/month South-South hub |
Critical — 20% Near-total supply halt |
₦570,000/50kg bag (▲ +60% — scarcity premium) |
Rice, cassava, yam Niger Delta farming communities |
~2.1M smallholders in Rivers, Delta, Bayelsa |
| Onne Port | ~15,000 tonnes/month Industrial / oil sector |
Elevated — 60% Partial — non-Gulf sources |
₦520,000/50kg bag (▲ +46%) |
Industrial agriculture, plantation sector |
Commercial farms — less vulnerable than smallholders |
Container costs — Apapa and Tin Can Island Vs pre-crisis baseline
Apapa port — freight cost explosion
Pre-crisis container freight (Asia → Lagos via Jebel Ali): $1,200–1,800/TEU. Current (Cape rerouting + war-risk surcharge + port congestion): $3,800–5,200/TEU — a 210–290% increase. Ships rerouting via Cape of Good Hope add 14 days and ~$1M extra fuel per voyage, which is passed to importers. Apapa port congestion has worsened as vessels arrive in bunched clusters from Cape routing rather than predictable Hormuz scheduling. Waiting times at anchorage: pre-crisis 3–5 days; current 12–18 days. This directly inflates costs for every manufactured good, electronic device, and industrial input Nigeria imports.
Tin Can Island — congestion compounding
Tin Can handles a large share of consumer goods and food imports. Pre-crisis freight from China/Southeast Asia: $900–1,400/TEU. Current: $3,200–4,600/TEU. The Cape rerouting has added unpredictability — shipping lines are dropping smaller West African port calls in favour of concentrating volume at Durban and Cape Town, then feeder-shipping to Lagos. This adds a second leg of cost. For food importers (rice, wheat, cooking oil), the freight increase is directly passed to consumers — contributing to Nigeria's headline food inflation running at 40%+ in April 2026.
E-commerce & Gulf diaspora trade exposure Dr. Precious Olusegun PhD research
Lagos micro-merchants selling to Gulf diaspora — structural vulnerability exposed
Nigeria's cross-border e-commerce to Gulf markets (UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait) runs at approximately $400M/year — primarily Nigerian diaspora purchasing food, clothing, and craft goods from Lagos-based sellers via Jebel Ali as the fulfilment hub. The crisis has frozen this trade: Jebel Ali is functionally closed, payments are frozen, and the fulfilment infrastructure that routes Gulf-diaspora parcels back to Nigeria is disrupted.
Dr. Precious Olusegun PhD (2025) research — Entrepreneurial Learning Dynamics of Nigerians in E-Commerce: A Case Study of Experiential Learning — shows that Nigerian micro-merchants build their cross-border logistics knowledge through practice, not formal training. This means they are the most vulnerable when the routes they have learned stop working. Larger platforms can adapt; individual merchants cannot. The Hormuz crisis is a live stress test of this finding at scale.
Practical impact: An estimated 8,000–12,000 Lagos-based micro-merchants have experienced order cancellations, frozen payment holds, or total trade suspension since 2 Mar 2026. The financial impact is concentrated in Alaba International Market (electronics), Balogun Market (textiles), and Ikeja (tech accessories) — all of which had developed Gulf export pipelines over 2022–2025.
Dr. Precious Olusegun PhD (2025) research — Entrepreneurial Learning Dynamics of Nigerians in E-Commerce: A Case Study of Experiential Learning — shows that Nigerian micro-merchants build their cross-border logistics knowledge through practice, not formal training. This means they are the most vulnerable when the routes they have learned stop working. Larger platforms can adapt; individual merchants cannot. The Hormuz crisis is a live stress test of this finding at scale.
Practical impact: An estimated 8,000–12,000 Lagos-based micro-merchants have experienced order cancellations, frozen payment holds, or total trade suspension since 2 Mar 2026. The financial impact is concentrated in Alaba International Market (electronics), Balogun Market (textiles), and Ikeja (tech accessories) — all of which had developed Gulf export pipelines over 2022–2025.
Nigeria lens — data sources: NNPC pump price bulletins · Dangote Group IR · NPA (Nigerian Ports Authority) monthly throughput data · FAO FPMA fertiliser price monitor · FMARD (Federal Ministry of Agriculture) · CBN FX and trade data · Dr. Precious Olusegun PhD (2025) e-commerce research · Legit.ng / BusinessDay · Extrafemi primary research · Updated 17 Apr 2026. This is the only country-specific Hormuz intelligence product for Africa. For institutional licensing (CBN, banks, agribusiness, manufacturers), contact extrafemi.com.
Unlikely & unintended positives — Iran War / Hormuz crisis
Not every disruption produces only losers. These are the overlooked beneficiaries, structural shifts, and silver linings emerging from the crisis — tracked with the same rigour as the risk data. Updated 17 Apr 2026.
Context: These are real, documented economic and structural gains — not minimisations of the crisis. For every winner listed, millions are worse off. The purpose is analytical completeness: understanding who benefits from a disruption is as important as understanding who suffers from it.
The Hormuz crisis is reshaping global trade, energy, and supply chain geography in ways that will outlast the conflict
From Texas LNG exporters to Cape Town port operators, from Norwegian aluminium smelters to East African LNG developers — a set of countries, companies, and sectors are experiencing unexpected tailwinds. Many of these shifts are structural and will persist even after Hormuz reopens fully.
Confirmed gain — documented, sourced, actively occurring
Structural gain — longer-term shift, may outlast the conflict
Competitive gain — indirect or relative advantage
Accelerating — policy-driven or demand-pull tailwind
Energy & LNG — the winners of the oil shock
US LNG exporters — Cheniere, Venture Global, New Fortress
Confirmed gains
USA · LNG / Natural gas · Sabine Pass, Corpus Christi, Calcasieu Pass
US LNG spot prices and long-term contract premiums have surged as Asian buyers scramble for non-Gulf supply. Cheniere Energy's stock is up ~28% since crisis began. Asian buyers signing 20-year contracts with US suppliers to reduce Gulf dependency. Qatar's loss is America's gain in the LNG market. Venture Global fast-tracking Calcasieu Pass Phase 2. US LNG export capacity utilisation at record highs.
✓ Cheniere +28% stock
✓ 20yr contracts signed
✓ Record export volumes
Russia — indirect oil price beneficiary
Structural gain
Russia · Oil exports · Non-Hormuz routes (Arctic, Baltic, Black Sea)
Russia's oil exports bypass Hormuz entirely. With Brent at ~$95 (well above Russia's ~$60/bbl break-even), Kremlin revenues are substantially higher than they would have been. India's emergency Russian oil waiver — granted by the US — has deepened Russia-India energy ties. Arctic LNG routes seeing increased interest as Hormuz alternative. The crisis has inadvertently reduced the effectiveness of Western oil price caps.
↗ Revenue above break-even
↗ India ties deepened
↗ Price cap less effective
Australia — LNG export demand surge
Confirmed
Australia · LNG · Woodside, Santos, Shell Australia · North West Shelf
Japan and South Korea — historically Qatar-dependent — have urgently renegotiated with Australian suppliers. Woodside fast-tracking Scarborough LNG expansion. Australian LNG spot premia +15%. Japan's government-backed JERA signed emergency extension contracts. Australia is benefiting from geographic distance from Hormuz in the same way that made it less exposed to Middle East crises historically.
✓ Woodside Scarborough expansion
✓ Japan JERA contracts
✓ Spot premium +15%
East Africa LNG projects — Mozambique, Tanzania
Accelerated
Mozambique · Tanzania · TotalEnergies, Eni, ExxonMobil · LNG development
Long-delayed East African LNG projects are receiving urgent new attention and financing commitments. TotalEnergies' Mozambique LNG project — previously delayed by local security concerns — has seen renewed international interest as buyers diversify from Hormuz. Tanzania LNG pre-FEED studies advancing. The crisis has made African LNG an energy security asset, not just a development project. European buyers especially are accelerating offtake discussions.
↗ TotalEnergies renewed interest
↗ EU offtake discussions
↗ Development financing returning
Senegal — Sangomar oil & Tortue LNG: Atlantic Basin alternative
Confirmed
Senegal · Woodside · BP · Sangomar oil field · Tortue FLNG Phase 1
Senegal's Sangomar offshore oil field — operated by Woodside, online since 2024 — is producing certified non-Hormuz origin crude at a time when Atlantic Basin barrels command a significant premium. At Brent ~$95, Senegal's first oil export revenue cycle is materially better than any projection made pre-crisis. The Tortue FLNG Phase 1 project (BP/Kosmos/Petrosen) is approaching first gas production — timing that could not be more advantageous. EU, South Korean, and Japanese buyers are actively approaching Senegal for long-term supply diversification agreements. This is a structural inflection point for Senegal's fiscal position.
✓ Sangomar producing ~100,000 bpd
✓ Non-Hormuz Atlantic Basin premium
↗ Tortue FLNG Phase 1 approaching
↗ EU/Asian buyer delegations arriving
↗ Fiscal windfall above pre-crisis forecasts
Algeria — pipeline LNG & Atlantic gas: Europe's emergency alternative
Accelerating
Algeria · Sonatrach · Medgaz pipeline · Transmed pipeline · Spain · Italy
Algeria's Hassi R'Mel gas field supplies Europe via the Medgaz pipeline (to Spain) and Transmed pipeline (to Italy) — entirely bypassing Hormuz. With Qatari LNG offline and European storage at record lows, Algeria has become Europe's most critical alternative gas supplier overnight. South Korean envoys arrived in Algiers on 15 April seeking supply diversification. France and Spain are fast-tracking Sonatrach contract expansions. Algeria's pipeline capacity to Europe is operating at maximum throughput, and Sonatrach is exploring LNG export acceleration to reach non-pipeline markets including Japan and South Korea. This is the largest windfall for Algeria's hydrocarbon sector since the 2022 European gas crisis.
✓ Medgaz + Transmed at maximum throughput
✓ No Hormuz exposure on export routes
↗ South Korean envoys — supply talks 15 Apr
↗ France, Spain fast-tracking contract expansion
↗ LNG export acceleration to Asia under discussion
Shipping & logistics — Cape of Good Hope route winners
South African ports — Cape Town, Durban rerouting boom
Confirmed
South Africa · Port of Durban · Port of Cape Town · Transnet
Cape of Good Hope rerouting adds ~14 days and $1M/voyage but is now the default for tankers avoiding Hormuz. South African ports are seeing record vessel traffic. Bunker fuel sales in Cape Town up significantly. Durban port handling surge in bunkering and provisioning. Transnet revenues benefiting. Tourism from crew layovers increasing in Cape Town. South Africa becoming a critical waypoint in the new global energy logistics map.
✓ Record vessel traffic
✓ Bunker fuel sales surge
✓ Transnet revenue up
Suez Canal alternative — Red Sea still partially open
Partial gain
Egypt · Suez Canal Authority · Some Gulf-origin vessels still routing via Red Sea
While the Red Sea has faced its own disruptions (Houthi attacks), vessels with IRGC clearance and certain cargo types still transit. Egypt's Suez Canal revenues are more complex than initial reports suggested — the Canal is capturing some diverted traffic from vessels that previously routed differently. Suez surcharges have also risen, increasing revenue per vessel.
↗ Higher revenue per transit
~ Mixed impact overall
Greek shipping companies — war risk premium windfall
Confirmed
Greece · Tsakos Group, Angelicoussis Group, Capital Ship Management · Tanker fleet operators
Greek shipping companies that own tankers operating on Cape routes or accepting IRGC clearance for Hormuz transits are commanding extraordinary day rates. VLCC spot rates have surged 3–4× their pre-crisis level. For tanker owners willing to navigate risk, the crisis is the most lucrative freight market in years. Greek-flagged vessels are among the most active in rerouted trade. War risk insurance premiums also benefit Lloyd's syndicates and Greek maritime insurers.
✓ VLCC rates 3–4× pre-crisis
✓ Cape route premium captured
✓ Insurance income rising
Canada & Brazil — Atlantic Basin crude as relief valve
Growing
Canada · Brazil · Petrobras · Canadian Natural Resources · Atlantic Basin crude producers
As Gulf crude becomes difficult or impossible to access, Atlantic Basin producers — Brazil, Canada, West Africa — are seeing unprecedented demand and price premiums for their non-Hormuz-routed oil. Petrobras is booking record contract volumes. Canadian oil sands output being absorbed by Asian refiners previously supplied by Gulf crude. The Atlantic Basin is emerging as the world's swing crude supplier.
✓ Petrobras record bookings
✓ Canadian oil sands demand surge
↗ Atlantic price premium
Industry & manufacturing — structural beneficiaries
Norwegian & Canadian aluminium smelters
Confirmed windfall
Norway · Canada · Hydro ASA, Rio Tinto Canada · Non-Gulf aluminium producers
With Alba (Bahrain) cutting output 19% and Qatalum (Qatar) shutting down, non-Gulf aluminium producers are running at maximum capacity to fill the gap. Hydro ASA's stock is up significantly. Aluminium prices +18% mean record margins for smelters with pre-contracted energy. Automakers and aerospace companies are signing long-term supply agreements with Norwegian and Canadian smelters — a structural shift that may outlast the crisis.
✓ Hydro ASA stock surge
✓ Long-term OEM contracts
✓ Aluminium +18%
US & Wyoming helium producers
Structural gain
USA · Wyoming · Air Products, Messer Group · US helium producers
Ras Laffan helium — 30% of global semiconductor-grade supply — is offline for 3–5 years. US producers in Wyoming, Kansas, and Texas are the primary beneficiaries. Spot helium prices have surged 40–100%. TSMC and Samsung are negotiating long-term US helium supply agreements for the first time — a structural de-Qatarisation of the semiconductor helium supply chain. Air Products is accelerating helium extraction capacity.
✓ Helium +40–100%
✓ TSMC/Samsung US deals
✓ 3–5yr structural shift
EU chemical producers — BASF, Covestro, Evonik
Competitive gain
Germany · EU · BASF, Covestro, Evonik · European chemical manufacturers
This is counterintuitive: while EU chemical companies are facing higher feedstock costs, Gulf chemical competitors have been taken entirely offline. The net result is that EU manufacturers are gaining market share in global plastics, resins, and specialty chemicals. BASF has raised prices 30% — but so has everyone else. Asian buyers without Gulf feedstock access are turning to European suppliers for the first time in years.
↗ Gulf competitors offline
↗ Asian buyer diversification
↗ Market share gains
Renewable energy acceleration — solar, wind, nuclear
Policy-driven surge
Global · Solar installers, nuclear operators, offshore wind developers · Clean energy transition
The crisis has supercharged political will for energy independence through renewables. Japan is fast-tracking nuclear restarts and offshore wind. South Korea has accelerated its nuclear new-build programme. EU emergency energy security measures include €30B+ in accelerated renewable investment. India's solar programme has received emergency budget allocation. The long-term clean energy transition is being pulled forward by 2–3 years in several major economies. Vestas, Siemens Energy, and EDF are seeing order books surge.
✓ Japan nuclear restarts
✓ EU €30B+ renewables
✓ India solar acceleration
✓ Vestas/Siemens orders surge
Finance & markets — safe haven and structural shifts
Gold — all-time high above $4,877 (17 Apr)/oz · +100.6% since pre-crisis ($2,431) · 18 Apr: $4,893 (+1.76%)
Confirmed
Global · Gold bullion · Central banks · Retail investors · ETF holders
Gold has hit all-time highs above $3,167/oz — up 33% from pre-crisis $2,431. Central banks are the primary beneficiaries: countries holding gold reserves have seen significant balance sheet improvements. Gulf sovereign wealth funds that rotated into gold before the conflict have preserved value. Retail gold holders in Iran and other crisis-exposed countries are using gold as inflation protection as local currencies weaken.
✓ Gold ~$4,800/oz (16 Apr)
✓ CB balance sheets up
✓ +33% YTD
Yuan internationalisation — CIPS volumes surge
Structural shift
China · PBOC · CIPS payment system · Yuan-denominated energy trade
The IRGC's $2M/vessel Larak Island toll — denominated in yuan or crypto — is one of the most significant developments in dollar hegemony since the petrodollar era. The Atlantic Council is tracking CIPS (China's cross-border payment system) volumes rising. China is benefiting from a structural shift: energy settlements bypassing the dollar reduce sanction risk for Chinese buyers. The yuan is becoming the de facto currency of Hormuz-accessible trade.
↗ CIPS volumes rising
↗ Yuan energy settlement expanding
↗ Dollar sanction risk reduced
Nigeria — specific silver linings
Oil price plunge 17 Apr — Brent -9.1% to $90.38 · Wall Street record
Conditional
17 Apr 2026 · Subject to reversal
Iran's Hormuz "completely open" declaration (later partially reversed) triggered the largest single-day oil price drop of the crisis. Brent settled -9.1% at $90.38 — down from $126 crisis peak. WTI -9.4% to $82.59. S&P 500 +1.2%, Dow +872pts, third consecutive week of gains. US stock market has rallied more than 12% since late March bottom. Consumer relief: gasoline prices could ease. But: mines remain in strait, blockade persists, 24 ships turned back — ING analysts: "physical market becoming tighter every day without restart." Price recovery likely gradual.
Brent -9.1% → $90.38
WTI -9.4% → $82.59
Dow +872pts
S&P 500 +1.2%
Dangote Refinery — structural competitive advantage
Emerging
Nigeria · Dangote Petroleum Refinery · Lagos · 650,000 bpd capacity
While Nigeria faces fuel price pain as an importer of refined products, the Dangote Refinery is emerging as a regional strategic asset. With Gulf refineries and imports disrupted, West African markets are increasingly looking to Dangote as a local supplier. The refinery's crude diversification away from Gulf inputs and its scale make it uniquely positioned to supply Nigeria and neighbouring countries. The crisis has accelerated the political and economic case for refinery completion and full operation.
↗ Regional supplier positioning
↗ Political support accelerated
↗ West Africa market opening
Nigerian crude oil — higher revenue per barrel
Confirmed
Nigeria · NNPC · Nigerian crude · Bonny Light, Escravos · Non-Hormuz Atlantic crude
Nigerian crude exports entirely bypass Hormuz. With Brent at ~$95 — significantly higher than pre-crisis $76 — Nigeria's oil export revenues are meaningfully improved. Bonny Light (Nigeria's benchmark crude) commands a premium as a non-Hormuz-origin barrel. NNPC is booking contracts at better rates than any point in recent years. The paradox: Nigeria suffers from fuel import costs but benefits from export revenues — net impact depends on refining capacity utilisation.
✓ Brent ~$95 vs $76 pre-crisis
✓ Bonny Light premium
✓ NNPC contracts improving
Data: Reuters, FT, Atlantic Council, Wood Mackenzie, World Gold Council, company reports. All positives are framed analytically — not as endorsements or minimisations of the broader crisis impact. Extrafemi · Lagos, Nigeria · Updated 17 Apr 2026
2027 Supply Chain Restructuring — Post-Hormuz Structural Shifts
The permanent, structural changes to global trade that will outlast the ceasefire — new energy contracts, rerouted logistics, relocated supply chains, and accelerated transitions. Grounded in April 2026 data. Updated 17 Apr 2026.
Even if Hormuz reopens tomorrow, the supply chain map of 2027 will look fundamentally different from 2025
Six weeks of closure has triggered 20-year LNG contracts, permanent route changes, structural de-Gulfing of aluminium and helium, accelerated nuclear restarts, and the normalisation of yuan energy settlement. These shifts are locked in regardless of the ceasefire outcome. Sources: Reuters, FT, IEA, Atlantic Council, Drewry, farmdoc daily, Wood Mackenzie, Lloyd's List · Updated 17 Apr 2026
Confirmed gain — documented, contracted, operational
Accelerating — announced and advancing
Structural gain — embedded in trade flows, not yet locked by contract
Emerging — credible but early-stage
Structural loss — permanent damage regardless of ceasefire
Structural shift — systemic change, not directionally gain or loss
Methodology: This section tracks structural shifts — decisions, contracts, and infrastructure changes that will persist regardless of whether Hormuz fully reopens. It is distinct from the crisis impact data in other tabs. Projections are grounded in announced decisions and analyst forecasts as of 10 Apr 2026, not speculation.
Executive summary 10 Apr 2026
| Sector | Pre-crisis structure | 2027 structure (emerging) | Permanence |
|---|---|---|---|
| LNG supply | Qatar dominant · 20% global via Hormuz · Asia 80–85% ME-dependent | US + Australia + East Africa filling vacuum · 20yr contracts signed · Qatar loses market leadership | Permanent |
| Shipping routes | Hormuz default · 135 vessels/day · Cape of Good Hope rarely used for Gulf cargo | Cape route permanent elevated baseline · VLCC rates structurally higher · South African ports booming | Permanent |
| Aluminium supply | Gulf (Alba, Qatalum) = ~8–9% global · Major OEM contracts | Norway/Canada/Australia absorbing demand · OEM long-term contracts relocating · Gulf share declining | Permanent |
| Helium supply | Ras Laffan = 30% global semiconductor-grade · Qatar pricing power | US Wyoming / Algeria filling gap · TSMC/Samsung US deals · 3–5yr Ras Laffan repair | 3–5 years |
| Fertiliser / food | Gulf = 46% global urea · Hormuz = 1/3 global seaborne fertiliser | Price 15–20% structurally higher H1 2026 · 2026 harvest risk · food inflation into 2027 | 12–18 months |
| Renewables / nuclear | Japan nuclear phase-out policy · EU 2030 targets · India solar gradual | Japan nuclear restarts fast-tracked · EU €30B+ emergency renewables · India emergency solar · transition 2–3yrs earlier | Permanent |
| Energy currency | USD dominant in energy settlement · petrodollar system intact | IRGC toll in yuan normalises non-dollar settlement · CIPS volumes rising · dollar hegemony structurally weakened | Structural |
LNG — permanent market restructuring Locked in
US LNG fills the Qatar vacuum — 20-year contracts being signed now
Permanent
Decision horizon: 2026–2046 · Contracts being signed Apr 2026
Asian buyers — Japan (JERA), South Korea (KOGAS), Taiwan (CPC) — are signing emergency long-term contracts with US exporters. Cheniere's Sabine Pass and Corpus Christi facilities are oversubscribed. EIA April STEO: US LNG exports running at near-peak capacity of ~18 billion cubic feet/day in March 2026 — close to the December 2025 record. Very limited flexibility to increase further; only deferred maintenance and new project ramp-ups can add capacity. Venture Global fast-tracking Calcasieu Pass Phase 2. These 20-year contracts lock buyers out of returning to Qatar even after Ras Laffan is repaired. Drewry estimates 2 million tonnes/week of LNG supply formerly from Qatar/UAE now permanently in play for US/Australian suppliers. Arab Reform Initiative (Mar 2026): "energy security and energy transition are now inseparable — the more countries remain exposed to volatile LNG routes, the more energy sovereignty depends on reducing that dependence." IEA Birol: crisis "will reshape the global energy map for the next years to come." EU REPowerEU extended · Nuclear restarts fast-tracked in Japan, South Korea · India solar acceleration. 18 Apr development: Iran declared Hormuz "completely open" 17 Apr (later reimposed 18 Apr), crashing Brent -9.1% to $90.38. Even if fully reopened: IEA warns up to 2-year market recovery due to infrastructure damage, mine clearance, insurer confidence rebuild. Long-term LNG contracts already signed with US/Australia — Qatar losing market share permanently.
Cheniere +28% stock
US LNG exports record high
20yr contracts = structural lock-in
Qatar loses $50B+ renewals
Australia — Woodside Scarborough fast-tracked, Japan locks in supply
Decision horizon: 2026–2030 · FID expected Q3 2026
Australia is the immediate beneficiary of Qatar's LNG loss. Japan's government-backed JERA signed emergency supply extensions with Woodside. Santos, Shell Australia also seeing accelerated offtake interest. Woodside Scarborough LNG — previously at risk of delay — has been green-lit with Japanese financing. Australian LNG spot premia +15% above pre-crisis levels. Long-term, Australia could absorb 30–40% of the LNG volume Qatar loses permanently.
Woodside Scarborough FID 2026
JERA Japan contracts extended
Australian LNG premium +15%
East Africa LNG — Mozambique, Tanzania receive emergency financing
Emerging
Decision horizon: 2026–2032 · Pre-FEED advancing
TotalEnergies' Mozambique LNG — stalled since 2021 security concerns — has received urgent new interest from European buyers seeking non-Hormuz supply. Tanzania LNG pre-FEED studies advancing with Japanese and EU backing. The crisis has transformed East African LNG from a development project into a strategic energy security asset for Europe and Asia. Offtake negotiations accelerating — first cargoes now realistically targeted for 2030–32.
TotalEnergies Mozambique renewed
EU offtake talks accelerating
First cargo 2030–32
Qatar's Ras Laffan — 3–5 year repair, $50B+ contracts at risk
Structural loss
Repair timeline: 2026–2030 at earliest · North Field East expansion delayed
Even with a full ceasefire, Ras Laffan facility faces a 3–5 year repair timeline. During that period buyers sign contracts elsewhere. Qatar's $50B+ in LNG contract renewals due 2026–2030 are now in jeopardy — buyers will not wait 3–5 years for repairs when Australian and US alternatives are being contracted now. Qatar's position as world's #2 LNG exporter faces permanent structural downgrade. Europe: 12–14% of LNG from Qatar pre-crisis; now accelerating non-Qatari sourcing.
3–5yr repair timeline
$50B+ contract renewals at risk
17% permanent capacity loss to 2030
Shipping — Cape route becomes permanent baseline Structural
Cape of Good Hope — permanent elevated route, South African ports booming
Permanent
Already operating · eToro analyst: 6 months to restore normal Hormuz traffic
Cape rerouting adds ~3,500 nautical miles, 10–14 days, and ~$1M per voyage in fuel. Even after Hormuz fully reopens, insurers will require safety validation periods before vessels return. eToro's Lale Akoner told CNN: "It could take six months to get ship traffic back to where it was." South Africa's ports — Cape Town, Durban — are seeing record bunkering revenue. Bunker fuel sales surging. Cape route now the structural baseline, not the emergency fallback.
+14 days per voyage
+$1M fuel per voyage
South African ports record revenue
6 months to restore normal traffic
Country intelligence: South Africa ↗
VLCC rates structurally repriced — war risk insurance permanent uplift
Structural
Already embedded in 2026 contracts · Lloyd's syndicates repricing
VLCC day rates surged 3–4× pre-crisis to a record $423,736/day (Lloyd's List). War risk insurance — previously available at standard premiums — has been fundamentally repriced for all Gulf transits. Lloyd's syndicates are now pricing IRGC clearance risk into every Gulf/Hormuz policy permanently. Greek tanker owners are windfall beneficiaries; shipping costs embedded into every downstream supply chain through 2027. Morgan Stanley projects IRGC clearance costs as a permanent structural baseline in voyage economics.
VLCC rates 3–4× pre-crisis
War risk premium permanent
Greek tanker owners windfall
Agriculture & food — 2027 harvest risk and fertiliser repricing 12–18 months
Fertiliser prices 15–20% higher H1 2026 — 2026 harvest at risk, food inflation into 2027
Food system risk
Planting season: Apr–May 2026 · harvest impact: Sep–Nov 2026 · food prices: through 2027
Gulf = 46% of global urea, 30% of ammonia. UNCTAD estimates global fertiliser prices 15–20% higher H1 2026 if disruption continues. The spring planting season in Africa and South Asia is the critical window — if farmers cannot access affordable urea by May, 2026 harvest yields fall. Farmdoc Daily (University of Illinois): US corn production at risk from fertiliser price shock. Wikipedia/Wikipedia: price shock could reduce planting yields and increase global food prices into 2027. Atlantic Council: closure has suspended 30% of world's ammonia-based nitrogen fertiliser.
Urea +50% to ~$720/MT
UNCTAD: prices 15–20% higher H1 2026
2026 harvest at acute risk
Food inflation into 2027
Planting deadline: May 2026
Fertiliser supply chain diversification — non-Gulf sourcing accelerating
Emerging
Decision horizon: 2026–2028 · Structural supply diversification
The crisis is accelerating structural diversification away from Gulf fertiliser. African countries — Nigeria, Kenya, Ethiopia — are exploring Moroccan phosphate sourcing (OCP Group), Russian fertiliser (sanctions complications), and Canadian potash. The crisis has made fertiliser supply security a government-level strategic priority in 50+ countries for the first time. Unlike oil, fertiliser has no internationally coordinated strategic reserve — making this structural shift slower but more urgent.
No strategic reserves exist
Morocco OCP gaining share
Canadian potash demand rising
Energy transition — crisis pulls clean energy forward 2–3 years Accelerating
Japan — nuclear restarts fast-tracked, offshore wind emergency budget
Fast-track restarts: 2026–2028 · Previously: 2030 target
Japan — 74% gas-fired electricity, 70% crude from Gulf — is facing an existential energy security reckoning. Nuclear restarts that were politically delayed are now being fast-tracked with emergency cabinet approval. Offshore wind emergency budget allocation doubled. Japan's experience mirrors the 1973 oil shock — which permanently restructured Japanese industrial energy use. This time the restructuring targets nuclear and offshore wind rather than efficiency. JERA simultaneously locking in Australian and US LNG to bridge the gap.
Nuclear restarts accelerated 2yr
Offshore wind budget doubled
Structural: mirrors 1973 response
EU — €30B+ emergency renewables acceleration, REPowerEU extended
Emergency budget: Apr 2026 · REPowerEU: 2026–2030 extension
EU emergency energy security response includes €30B+ in accelerated renewable investment — solar, wind, and grid interconnectors. REPowerEU — launched after Russia's Ukraine invasion — is being extended and expanded in direct response to Hormuz. farmdoc daily notes the EU de-Russified oil imports from 29% to 1% in 4 years after 2022 — the same structural shift is now beginning for Gulf LNG dependence. EU industrial competitiveness permanently impaired if TTF stays elevated through 2027 as projected.
€30B+ emergency renewables
REPowerEU extended to 2030
TTF elevated through 2027
EU industrial competitiveness hit
Country intelligence: Russia ↗
India — solar acceleration and Russian oil dependency deepens
Solar: emergency Q2 2026 budget · Russian oil: structural deepening
India is pursuing two parallel strategies. First: emergency solar acceleration — the Modi government has approved emergency budget allocation for 2026 solar installations at double the planned rate. Second: the US-granted Russian oil import waiver has structurally deepened India-Russia energy ties in ways that will outlast the crisis. India now sources crude from 41 suppliers — the most diversified crude import base of any major economy. Both tracks are permanent structural shifts.
Solar budget doubled 2026
Russia ties structurally deeper
41 crude import partners (record)
South Korea — nuclear new-build accelerated, ₩100T stabilisation
Nuclear new-build: 2026–2035 · Stabilisation fund: active Apr 2026
South Korea — 70% crude from Gulf, first price cap in 30 years, ₩100T stabilisation fund deployed — is accelerating its nuclear new-build programme. The crisis has broken the political deadlock on nuclear that persisted since Fukushima. South Korea's energy-intensive manufacturing (steel, petrochemicals, shipbuilding) faces structural cost pressure that makes domestic nuclear generation a strategic competitive necessity rather than a policy preference.
Nuclear new-build accelerated
₩100T stabilisation fund deployed
Industrial competitiveness at risk
Currency & finance — dollar hegemony structurally weakened Structural
Country intelligence: South Korea ↗
Yuan energy settlement normalised — IRGC toll sets precedent
Structural
Already operational · CIPS volumes rising · Atlantic Council tracking
The IRGC's $2M/vessel Larak toll — payable in yuan or crypto — is the most significant development in dollar energy hegemony since the petrodollar era. Atlantic Council is tracking CIPS (China's cross-border payment system) volumes rising in direct response. China, the world's largest oil buyer, benefits structurally — yuan settlement reduces its sanction exposure while expanding CIPS reach. The HKU Asia Global Institute notes Dubai's stability has been weakened, creating new opportunities for Singapore and Hong Kong as financial hubs. De-dollarisation of energy is accelerating from structural to operational.
Dollar hegemony structurally weakened
CIPS volumes rising (Atlantic Council)
China sanction exposure reduced
Dubai hub risk — SG/HK benefiting
Country intelligence: China ↗
Gold structurally elevated — central banks accelerating reserve diversification
Structural
Gold ~$4,800/oz (16 Apr) (3 Apr 2026) · CB buying accelerating · +33% YTD
Gold's surge to $3,167/oz reflects a structural shift in central bank reserve strategy, not just crisis safe-haven demand. Gulf sovereign wealth funds — whose dollar-denominated assets face dollar hegemony risk — are accelerating gold reserve purchases. The Dubai gold transshipment hub (20% of global gold transshipment) has been functionally closed since 2 Mar, pushing physical delivery premiums +$45/oz above COMEX spot. Even after Hormuz reopens, the CB diversification trend toward gold over dollar assets has been structurally reinforced.
Gold ~$4,800/oz (16 Apr)
CB buying +18% vs Q4 2025
Dubai hub closed → physical premium +$45/oz
Sources: Reuters, FT, IEA, Atlantic Council, farmdoc daily (University of Illinois), Drewry, Lloyd's List, Wood Mackenzie, USNI News, Al Jazeera Centre for Studies, HKU Asia Global Institute, Procurement Magazine, CNN, Wikipedia (2026 Hormuz Crisis). All projections grounded in announced decisions and analyst forecasts as of 10 Apr 2026. Extrafemi · Lagos, Nigeria · hormuzcrisis.netlify.app · License: CC BY 4.0